Mechanical properties and fracture upon static tension of the high-carbon steel with different types of pearlite structure

The hardness and mechanical properties of the U10 steel (1.03 wt % C) with pearlite structures that were formed by isothermal decomposition at temperatures of 650°C (coarse-lamellar pearlite) and 500°C (fine-lamellar pearlite) as well as upon subsequent annealing of fine-lamellar pearlite at a temperature of 650°C for 10–300 min have been studied upon tensile tests. Fractures of the steel with different types of pearlite structure have been examined using scanning electron microscopy. The interrelation between the mechanical properties and the structural features and character of fracture has been analyzed for this steel with pearlite structures differing in the dispersity, morphology, and defect structure of cementite, and in the levels of solid-solution strengthening and microdistortions of the ferrite-constituent lattice.     

Effect of alloying elements on response of nonoriented electrical steels to stamping operations

A suitable alloying design for improving the punchability of nonoriented electrical steels containing 0.1 % Si was investigated. The appropriate addition of sulfur to steels containing relatively high manganese content is very useful in obtaining good punchability without detrimental effects on magnetic properties.     

马氏体相变研究的进展和瞻望SCIEI

叙述马氏体相变研究的一些进展和瞻望,包括马氏体相变的定义,马氏体相变热力学,奥氏体状态对马氏体相变的影响,动力学,形核和长大,以及马氏体相变晶体学。     

Synthesis mechanism of titanium carbide nano-fiber during self-propagating high temperature synthesis

Titanium carbide nano-fiber was synthesized by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) method. The final products after the SHS reaction were titanium carbide containing excess carbon and metallic titanium, which were removed by additional leaching process. TEM observation revealed that the average diameter is about 20 nm. Neutron diffraction analysis was carried out to study non-stoichiometric number of the titanium carbide. The non-stoichiometric numbers of the titanium carbide were 0.89–0.94. The Rietveld refinement of each patterns converged to good agreement (÷2=0.49–1.34). The formation mechanism of the carbide is related to a liquid-solid reaction including the preferential diffusion process of carbon atom into liquid titanium. This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials,” organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002.     

Banding formation and eutectic lamellar growth in directional solidified Ni50Al20Fe30 alloy

Banding formation and eutectic lamellar growth in a directionally solidified Ni₅₀Al₂₀Fe₃₀ alloy were investigated. It was found that the banding area consists of two layers. The first layer is a γ layer, while the subsequent one is a γ layer. The composition of various phases around the banding area changes with the solidification process. The banding is formed by two steps process and caused by factors such as the fractions during the sample growth process. It was found that the band was found at relatively low growth rate. Therefore. this study indicates that increasing the growth rate is an effective method to eliminate the band formation. Eutectic lamellae nucleate and grow again after the banding formation. During the initial transition lamellar growth, the relationship between the square lamellar spacing, γ₂, and the distance from, the banding, d, can be described by the following equation: γ₂ = K [1-exp(A.d)] where K and A are constant.     

Effect of aluminum on the low temperature properties of relatively high purity ferrite

True stress-strain data on alloys of pure iron with up to 2.4 pct Al were obtained in the temperature range +100° to ?185°C. Aluminum was found to reduce yield and flow stresses of iron at low temperatures but to have little or no effect on ductility. The effects of temperature and composition on strain hardening are discussed.     

The effects of silicon on the properties of tantalum

The microalloying of tantalum with silicon has been effectively used on a commercial scale. However, data on effects of microalloying on processibility, microstructure and mechanical properties are not readily available. To develop some data, tantalum powder with various levels of silicon (0–50 ppm) was processed under identical conditions. Sheet samples were then annealed at different temperatures and evaluated via microstructural, chemical and mechanical tests. The recrystallization temperature was found to increase with silicon content, most probably as a result of the presence of an intermetallic (Ta₃Si) phase. The mechanical properties of unrecrystallized tantalum are, as expected, significantly different from those of recrystallized tantalum.     

A linear algebra approach to OLAP

Inspired by the relational algebra of data processing, this paper addresses the foundations of data analytical processing from a linear algebra perspective. The paper investigates, in particular, how aggregation operations such as cross tabulations and data cubes essential to quantitative analysis of data can be expressed solely in terms of matrix multiplication, transposition and the Khatri–Rao variant of the Kronecker product. The approach offers a basis for deriving an algebraic theory of data consolidation, handling the quantitative as well as qualitative sides of data science in a natural, elegant and typed way. It also shows potential for parallel analytical processing, as the parallelization theory of such matrix operations is well acknowledged.     

Scheduling evacuation operations

In this paper, we consider a large-scale evacuation problem after a major disaster. The evacuation is assumed to occur by means of a fleet of buses, thus leading to scheduling the evacuation operations by buses [(bus evacuation problem (BEP)]. We propose time-indexed formulations as well as heuristic algorithms such as greedy algorithms and a matheuristic. This matheuristic uses the former formulation to improve the best solution obtained by the greedy heuristics. In computational experiments, we analyze and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed solution algorithms.