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91.
An optimization strategy has been applied to describe the chemical composition at the furnace bottom in the Kraft recovery boiler of a pulp production process. The concentrations of each involved chemical species were calculated through an optimization approach, minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the system. Various systems were proposed and tested, assuming different chemical species and phases number. Because serious initialization problems were found at this stage for some of the proposed systems, an optimization heuristic method (PSO) was used for the first approach to the problem. Once the appropriate phases number and chemical species in the system were determined, the initialization problems disappeared and the use of a deterministic optimization method (SQP) became viable. The proposed approach has shown to be satisfactory to reproduce industrial data and also data reported in the open scientific literature. 相似文献
92.
Eduardo Arias-Marín Luis F. Ramos De Valle Oliverio Rodríguez-Fernndez Jesús Rodríguez-Velzquez 《乙烯基与添加剂工艺杂志》1995,1(4):217-222
The effect of elemental sulfur (S8) and tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) on the chemical crosslinking of PVC is studied. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and gel content of crosslinked and uncrosslinked PVC molded samples, cured at different times in hot air, are evaluated. It was found that crosslinking PVC with TMTD improves its mechanical properties, and adding S8 produces a slight improvement. Also, the S8 presence accelerated the PVC/TMTD crosslinking reaction when the crosslinking reaction was carried out under shear forces, but not when the curing was done in hot air, where the S8 retards the process. 相似文献
93.
Leonardo Roberto da Silva Eduardo Carlos Bianchi Ronaldo Yoshinobu Fusse Rodrigo Eduardo Catai Thiago Valle Frana Paulo Roberto Aguiar 《International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture》2007,47(2):412-418
The quality of machined components is currently of high interest, for the market demands mechanical components of increasingly high performance, not only from the standpoint of functionality but also from that of safety. Components produced through operations involving the removal of material display surface irregularities resulting not only from the action of the tool itself, but also from other factors that contribute to their superficial texture. This texture can exert a decisive influence on the application and performance of the machined component. This article analyzes the behavior of the minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) technique and compares it with the conventional cooling method. To this end, an optimized fluid application method was devised using a specially designed nozzle, by the authors, through which a minimum amount of oil is sprayed in a compressed air flow, thus meeting environmental requirements. This paper, therefore, explores and discusses the concept of the MQL in the grinding process. The performance of the MQL technique in the grinding process was evaluated based on an analysis of the surface integrity (roughness, residual stress, microstructure and microhardness). The results presented here are expected to lead to technological and ecological gains in the grinding process using MQL. 相似文献
94.
95.
S.M. Tamborim Takeuchi D.S. Azambuja A.M. Saliba-Silva I. Costa 《Surface & coatings technology》2006,200(24):6826-6831
In this investigation the effect of surface treatments on the corrosion resistance of a commercial NdFeB sintered magnet has been investigated. A solution of 10 g L− 1 NaH2PO4, acidified to pH 3.8 has been used for phosphating this magnet. The corrosion resistance of the phosphated magnet was investigated in a 0.10 mol L− 1 Na2SO4 solution by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry with rotating disc electrode. The obtained results reveal that the resistance decreases with exposure time due to the development of pores and/or defects in the conversion coating exposing the substrate to corrosive attack. The effect of tungstate incorporation into the phosphate conversion coating resulting from a phosphating treatment prior to immersion in the tungstate solution was evaluated. The proposed treatment consists of re-immersing the phosphated samples in a 0.1 mol L− 1 Na2WO4 solution during 72 h at the open circuit potential (OCP). Under these conditions, the corrosion resistance of the magnet was improved and this was attributed to the formation of a protective layer due to the adsorption of tungstate anions at the metallic substrate exposed in the coating, decreasing metal dissolution. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
Pablo J. Blanco Pablo J. Sánchez Eduardo A. de Souza Neto Raúl A. Feijóo 《Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering》2016,23(2):191-253
A unified variational theory is proposed for a general class of multiscale models based on the concept of Representative Volume Element. The entire theory lies on three fundamental principles: (1) kinematical admissibility, whereby the macro- and micro-scale kinematics are defined and linked in a physically meaningful way; (2) duality, through which the natures of the force- and stress-like quantities are uniquely identified as the duals (power-conjugates) of the adopted kinematical variables; and (3) the Principle of Multiscale Virtual Power, a generalization of the well-known Hill-Mandel Principle of Macrohomogeneity, from which equilibrium equations and homogenization relations for the force- and stress-like quantities are unequivocally obtained by straightforward variational arguments. The proposed theory provides a clear, logically-structured framework within which existing formulations can be rationally justified and new, more general multiscale models can be rigorously derived in well-defined steps. Its generality allows the treatment of problems involving phenomena as diverse as dynamics, higher order strain effects, material failure with kinematical discontinuities, fluid mechanics and coupled multi-physics. This is illustrated in a number of examples where a range of models is systematically derived by following the same steps. Due to the variational basis of the theory, the format in which derived models are presented is naturally well suited for discretization by finite element-based or related methods of numerical approximation. Numerical examples illustrate the use of resulting models, including a non-conventional failure-oriented model with discontinuous kinematics, in practical computations. 相似文献
99.
João Tavares Jorge Barbosa Ismael Cardoso Cristiano Costa Adenauer Yamin Rodrigo Real 《Universal Access in the Information Society》2016,15(4):589-607
This article proposes Hefestos, an intelligent system applied to ubiquitous accessibility. This model uses ubiquitous computing concepts to manage accessibility resources for people with disabilities. Among the concepts employed, context awareness, user profiles and trails management can be highlighted. The paper proposes an ontology for accessibility and delineates scenarios of its application in everyday life of people with disabilities. Moreover, the implementation of a smart wheelchair prototype and its application in a practical experiment is described. Ten users with a range of disability degrees tried the system and filled out a survey based on the technology acceptance model. This experiment demonstrated the main functionalities and the acceptance of the system. The results showed 96 % of acceptance regarding perceived easy of use and 98 % in perceived usefulness. These results were encouraging and show the potential for implementing Hefestos in real life situations. 相似文献
100.
This paper proposes a novel pose (position and orientation) consensus controller for networks of heterogeneous robots modeled in the operational space. The proposed controller is a distributed proportional plus damping scheme that, with a slight modification, solves both the leader–follower and leaderless consensus problems. A singularity‐free representation, unit quaternion, is used to describe the robots orientation, and the network is represented by an undirected and connected interconnection graph. Furthermore, it is shown that the controller is robust to interconnection variable time delays. Experiments with a network of two 6‐degrees‐of‐freedom robots are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献