Parasitic Bipolar Junction Transistors in a Floating-Gate MOSFET for Fluorescence Detection

In this letter, we examined whether the parasitic bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) in the MOSFET fabricated by the standard CMOS process can play a role as a fluorescence detector. To suppress the action of two vertical parasitic BJTs, the gate and n-well were tied in the parasitic BJTs, and the body node was connected to the drain. The proposed device was compared with the inherent and the parasitic diodes in the MOSFET. It had 100 times higher photocurrents than the diodes in the MOSFET. In addition, it was applied for the detection of the fluorescent signal, and could detect near 10 nM of Alexa 546. Therefore, CMOS-process-compatible parasitic BJTs can be used as a photodetector in an integrated fluorescence detector.     

Modeling and experiments of waveform effects on oxide charging inplasma immersion ion implantation [MOS ICs]

An analytical model of the time-dependent currents of a plasma allows the determination of the physical mechanisms and dependencies of charging damage in Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII). From the model, we determine that the plasma requires several ms to equilibrate after the application of an implantation voltage pulse. Although the individual pulses only change the surface potential by a fraction of a volt, the long equilibration time means that the pulse repetition rate perturbs the time-averaged surface potential. A physical relation describing the dependence of the time-averaged surface potential on plasma and voltage bias parameters predicts that a shorter pulse width, lower electron temperature, and rectangular pulse shape maximizes the allowable implantation rate and minimizes the charging damage. For a given pulse shape and plasma condition, a maximum pulse repetition rate exists. Beyond this threshold frequency, the oxide fails because the oxide field exceeds its breakdown value. Experimental results corroborate the simulation's predictions, showing the dependence of the pulsing repetition rate on charging damage     

Integrated modelling under uncertainty in watershed-level assessment and management.

Uncertainty in water quality model predictions is inevitably high due to natural stochasticity, model uncertainty, and parameter uncertainty. An integrated modelling system (modified-BASINS) under uncertainty is described and demonstrated for use in receiving-water quality prediction and watershed management. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the effect of various uncertainty types on output prediction. Without pollution control measures in the watershed, the concentrations of total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) in the Hwaong Reservoir, considering three uncertainty types, would be less than about 4.4 and 0.23 mg L(-1), respectively, in 2012, with 90% confidence. The effects of two watershed management practices, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and constructed wetlands (WETLAND), were evaluated. The combined scenario (WWTP + WETLAND) was the most effective at improving reservoir water quality, bringing concentrations of T-N and T-P in the Hwaong Reservoir to less than 3.4 and 0.14 mg L(-1), 24 and 41% improvements, respectively, with 90% confidence. Overall, the Monte Carlo simulation in the integrated modelling system was practical for estimating uncertainty and reliable in water quality prediction. The approach described here may allow decisions to be made based on the probability and level of risk, and its application is recommended.     

电子政务数据共享模式研究

互联网的广泛应用,改变了社会公众对政府信息需求的观念。加强电子政务数据共享是社会发展的必然要求。为了保证政务信息的有效共享,实现不同部门不同类型数据的转换和重用,提出了一种新的基于公开密钥基础设施体系构造数据共享模式。在新的数据共享模式中,使用电子凭证替代传统的纸质凭证,增加了行政审批事务办理的快捷性、安全性、低碳环保性。为了进一步提高电子凭证的效率,将其与云计算无缝融合。通过对具体应用案例的分析,表明新的数据共享模式具有安全性、可行性和实用性。     

Updating the trusted connection of re-organized computing resource under the automated system management platform

The High-Performance Computing (HPC) is an infrastructure to support various research fields. The research using HPC requires big storage for large-scale of raw data and the huge computing resources to analyze. The consolidated operations of the computing center for supporting various researches using HPC are a very effective organization. The consolidated operations are able to increase the utilization. The computing center has to be re-organized continuously in order to support the various fields of research effectively and flexibly. Re-organization to reuse the limited resources enforces the update of the information for verification of the computing resources after the re-allocation of computing resources and the re-distribution of trusted connection between computing resources. Consequently, to maintain effective research support we need automated resource re-organization environment. In this paper, we build an automated update of the trusted connection for re-organized computing resource using puppet which is automated system management platform. Finally, we provide a unified verification point and efficient environment for the re-allocation and re-organization of the integrated computing center.     

A Framework for Moving Least Squares Method with Total Variation Minimizing Regularization

In this paper, we propose a computational framework to incorporate regularization terms used in regularity based variational methods into least squares based methods. In the regularity based variational approach, the image is a result of the competition between the fidelity term and a regularity term, while in the least squares based approach the image is computed as a minimizer to a constrained least squares problem. The total variation minimizing denoising scheme is an exemplary scheme of the former approach with the total variation term as the regularity term, while the moving least squares method is an exemplary scheme of the latter approach. Both approaches have appeared in the literature of image processing independently. By putting schemes from both approaches into a single framework, the resulting scheme benefits from the advantageous properties of both parties. As an example, in this paper, we propose a new denoising scheme, where the total variation minimizing term is adopted by the moving least squares method. The proposed scheme is based on splitting methods, since they make it possible to express the minimization problem as a linear system. In this paper, we employed the split Bregman scheme for its simplicity. The resulting denoising scheme overcomes the drawbacks of both schemes, i.e., the staircase artifact in the total variation minimizing based denoising and the noisy artifact in the moving least squares based denoising method. The proposed computational framework can be utilized to put various combinations of both approaches with different properties together.     

Microstructural Evidence for Diffusion-Driven Tetragonal-to-Orthorhombic Phase Transformation in Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductor

Microstructures of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor were observed using a polarized microscope. Orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were easily distinguished by the optical etching with cross-polarized light. In the specimen cooled rapidly in oxygen, it was possible to see the path of oxygen diffusion by observing the variation of the twin concentration. At the boundary between transformed and untransformed materials, evidence for diffusion-driven transformation could be clearly seen.     

Cure kinetics of high performance epoxy resin systems

Summary Isothermal cure kinetics ofEPON HPT 1071/DDS system have been performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The maximum cure rate and the extent of conversion at various DDS concentrations were studied as a function of cure temperature. Maximum cure rate increases with increasing cure temperature and DDS concentration. At various DDS concentrations, the maximum cure rate occured between 19–22% conversion. In order to evaluate the kinetic parameters, numerical calculations by means of a Newton-Raphson technique and experimental results obtained from the peak of reaction rate curve were undertaken.     

基于博弈论的百万富翁协议

在经典的百万富翁协议中,一方在得到最后的财富比较结果后,没有动机将结果告诉另一方,或者告诉另一方一个错误的结果。结合博弈论和密码算法,提出一种百万富翁协议。在此协议中,参与者背离协议的收益小于遵守协议的收益,遵守协议是参与者的最优策略,任何百万富翁的欺骗行为都能被鉴别和发现,因此理性的参与者有动机发送正确的数据。最后每个参与者都能公平地得到最后的财富比较结果。     

High catalytic activity of PdOx/MnO2 for CO oxidation and importance of oxidation state of Mn

PdO_x/MnO₂ has been examined as a catalyst for CO oxidation using a conventional flow reactor at reaction temperatures between 50 and 150°C. In the reaction conditions of GHSV (gashourlyspacevelocity) of 1.22 × 10⁵/h and CO concentration of 2000 ppm, PdO_x/MnO₂ showed higher catalytic activity compared with PdO_x/Mn₂O₃, which had been previously reported as an effective catalyst due to the cooperative action of Pd and Mn₂O₃ for this reaction. The reason for higher activity of PdO_x/MnO₂ than PdO_x/Mn₂O₃ has been investigated using TPR (temperatureprogrammed reduction) and XPS studies. TPR showed that PdO_x/MnO₂ could be reduced by CO at much lower temperature than PdO_x/Mn₂O₃. During the experiment of reduction and oxidation, XPS showed that the valence of Mn in the PdO_x/MnO₂ was between 4+ and 3+, which is higher than that of Mn in the PdO_x/Mn₂O₃ catalyst of which the valence has been reported to be between 3+ and 2+. It is known that in this catalyst system the support supplies oxygen onto Pd, where the oxidation occurs with adsorbed CO, and the ability of the support to provide oxygen improves the performance of the catalyst. Therefore, it was concluded that the readiness of MnO₂ to be reduced with maintaining a higher oxidation state showed higher CO oxidation activity than Mn₂O₃ as support for PdO_x.