Energy Spectra Of Dislocations In Silicon And Germanium

The properties of edge-type dislocations are strongly dependent on the temperature at which they have been introduced into the crystal. Dislocations produced at T < 0·6 T_m (T_m melting point) exhibit a richer variety of properties than those introduced at T > 0·6 T_m: in germanium a strong increase of the hole density, in silicon an electron para-magnetic resource (EPR)-signal, showing many fine details, and several peaks in the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS)-signal, are only found after low-temperature deformation. The increase in the hole density has been ascribed to point defect clouds, which surround the dislocation, and seem to control their mobility. The clouds are not stable at the deformation temperature. The electrical and optical properties of edge-type dislocations, introduced at T > 0·6 T_m into germanium, can be interpreted in terms of a half-filled one-dimensional band (for T ≥ 50 K), which might be due to dangling bonds in the dislocation core. In silicon the experimental data indicate a similar form of the local energy spectrum at dislocations.     

Mikrostrukturielle Charakterisierung von ultra-hochfesten Schweißgütern

Welded steel structures are a crucial part of lightweight constructions in several industrial segments. The filler metal plays a vital role in optimizing the properties of welded joints. In this study different methods were used to characterize the microstructure of ultra-high strength all-weld metal samples with different chemical compositions. It was evaluated which method can be used to link the grain size of a sample to its toughness.     

Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic,Proteomic and Genomic Data to Reveal Functional Pathways and Candidate Genes for Drip Loss in Pigs

The aim of this study was to integrate multi omics data to characterize underlying functional pathways and candidate genes for drip loss in pigs. The consideration of different omics levels allows elucidating the black box of phenotype expression. Metabolite and protein profiling was applied in Musculus longissimus dorsi samples of 97 Duroc × Pietrain pigs. In total, 126 and 35 annotated metabolites and proteins were quantified, respectively. In addition, all animals were genotyped with the porcine 60 k Illumina beadchip. An enrichment analysis resulted in 10 pathways, amongst others, sphingolipid metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, with significant influence on drip loss. Drip loss and 22 metabolic components were analyzed as intermediate phenotypes within a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We detected significantly associated genetic markers and candidate genes for drip loss and for most of the metabolic components. On chromosome 18, a region with promising candidate genes was identified based on SNPs associated with drip loss, the protein “phosphoglycerate mutase 2” and the metabolite glycine. We hypothesize that association studies based on intermediate phenotypes are able to provide comprehensive insights in the genetic variation of genes directly involved in the metabolism of performance traits. In this way, the analyses contribute to identify reliable candidate genes.     

Analysis of the Temperature and Strain-Rate Dependences of Strain Hardening

A classical constitutive modeling-based Ansatz for the impact of thermal activation on the stress–strain response of metallic materials is compared with the state parameter-based Kocks–Mecking model. The predicted functional dependencies suggest that, in the first approach, only the dislocation storage mechanism is a thermally activated process, whereas, in the second approach, only the mechanism of dynamic recovery is. In contradiction to each of these individual approaches, our analysis and comparison with experimental evidence shows that thermal activation contributes both to dislocation generation and annihilation.     

The Indianization of Colonial Medicine

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Anders als die weitgehend in der Geschichtsschreibung belegte psychiatrische Anstalt für Europ?er und Europ?erinnen mit ihrem englischen Leiter Owen Berkeley-Hill ist die weitaus gr??ere Institution für indische Patienten und Patientinnen im nordindischen Ranchi bisher nicht untersucht worden. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags steht die Karriere des Leiters dieser Institution, Jal E. Dhunjibhoy, zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts als von der britischen Kolonialregierung eine Indianisierung der medizinischen Einrichtungen angestrebt wurde. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Studien über intermediaries und middles konzentriert sich dieser Aufsatz auf einen hochrangigen einheimischen Mitarbeiter. Die verbreitete Annahme zwangsl?ufiger historischer Prozesse wird dabei differenziert, eine regionale Kontextualisierung vorgenommen und die Kontinuit?t offener und versteckter Diskriminierung indischer Mediziner in Bezug auf Entlohnung, gesellschaftliche Stellung, fachliche Anerkennung, posthume Würdigung und historiographischer Berücksichtigung herausgearbeitet. Es wird verdeutlicht, in welcher Weise koloniale Akteure in bestehende gesellschaftliche Disparit?ten und soziopolitische Prozessen verstrickt waren und wie die Karriere eines leitenden Mediziners von einer Vielzahl von au?ermedizinischen Zusammenh?ngen bestimmt wurde. Gleichzeitig wird hervorgehoben, dass ihre strukturelle Positionierung als inbetweens, Kollaborateure oder Repr?sentanten einer erfolgreichen Dekolonisierung für ein nuancierteres Verst?ndnis ihrer beruflichen und pers?nlichen Identit?tsformierung nicht ausreicht.     

On the role of complementation in implicit language equations and relations

We solve systems of boolean implicit equations and relations with union and complementation. If the languages are regular, we determine whether a system of implicit boolean equations or relations has solutions. If there is a solution, we provide an effective construction of a (regular) solution. We give representations for maximal and minimal solutions. Moreover, we also solve the problem of uniqueness of solutions as well as whether infinitely many solutions exist.     

On the optimum mass transfer of flat absorbing falling films

The coupled heat- and mass-transfer of the absorbing falling film is considered in the flat-film approximation. We study the influence of the operating conditions on the absorption efficiency in a fully non-dimensional framework and find an optimal Reynolds number, which can be interpreted as an optimal film thickness. We also test various thermal wall boundary conditions to select the best approximation compared to a realistic test case.