Regularized adaptive high-resolution image reconstruction considering inaccurate subpixel registration

We propose a high-resolution image reconstruction algorithm considering inaccurate subpixel registration. A regularized iterative reconstruction algorithm is adopted to overcome the ill-posedness problem resulting from inaccurate subpixel registration. In particular, we use multichannel image reconstruction algorithms suitable for applications with multiframe environments. Since the registration error in each low-resolution image has a different pattern, the regularization parameters are determined adaptively for each channel. We propose two methods for estimating the regularization parameter automatically. The proposed algorithms are robust against registration error noise, and they do not require any prior information about the original image or the registration error process. Information needed to determine the regularization parameter and to reconstruct the image is updated at each iteration step based on the available partially reconstructed image. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms outperform conventional approaches in terms of both objective measurements and visual evaluation.     

CT of head trauma

The advent of CT in the early 1970s revolutionized the diagnosis and management of head trauma patients. CT remains to be the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of patients with acute head trauma. High resolution CT is excellent for evaluating facial and skull fractures. Neurosurgically significant lesions such as epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, or depressed skull fractures are already detected by CT. The early detection of extra-axial hematomas made possible by the increased availability of CT, results in early surgical interventions with marked improvement in morbidity and mortality in head trauma patients.     

Resynchronization of Modified JPEG Using a Power Allocation Scheme in a Direct Sequence CDMA System

In this paper, we discuss recovery schemes for errors occurring when image data encoded with variable length coding (VLC) is transmitted through additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multiple–access interference in direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) systems. VLC such as JPEG is so sensitive to channel errors that severe degradation in decoded images occurs even if only one or two bits have errors. This is due to the loss of synchronization at the image decoder. We propose a resynchronization scheme using a power allocation method in wireless DS/CDMA transmission. Through simulation, we know that the proposed method has a more robust resynchronization capability and higher objective and subjective quality than the conventional method.     

建筑美的经济标准

从发展的角度看,经济标准在建筑审美方面起着重要的作用,在某种程度上经济是建筑美学的基础,随着社会的发展,人们对于建筑审美的要求越来越高,我们应适应这一变化,重新认识和阐释我们的建筑基本方针,使其能保证绝大多数人民的经济利益和审美要求.     

Maximizing coverage of glycosylation heterogeneity in MALDI-MS analysis of glycoproteins with up to 27 glycosylation sites

Glycosylation affects various biological functions of proteins (e.g., protein binding, inter- or intracell signaling, etc.), and it can serve as an indicator of disease. Therefore, characterization of the glycosylation in proteins is one important step in developing a comprehensive understanding of the biological significance of glycosylation and in facilitating disease diagnosis. Glycopeptide-based MS analysis has proven to be a viable tool for glycopeptide analysis. However, when glycopeptides coexist with peptides, glycopeptide signals are usually suppressed by the strongly ionizing peptides. Toward this end, it would be desirable to seek methods to improve glycopeptide detection. Herein, we performed an in-depth study of maximizing glycosylation coverage on model glycoproteins by optimizing all the aspects of glycopeptide-based analysis, including sample preparation methods, mass spectral techniques, and data analysis strategies. For sample preparation, several approaches, including reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, lectin-based affinity, and hydrophilic affinity using a carbohydrate-based resin, were compared and tested individually as well as in parallel. For mass spectral techniques, profiling glycopeptides in both positive and negative ion mode is essential to obtain complete glycan profiles. For data analysis, incorporating variable modifications in the database search of GlycoPep DB enhances glycopeptide coverage. In addition, the use of PNGase F helps to confirm the presence of weakly ionized glycopeptides when they coelute with strongly ionizing species. In doing so, we created a work flow that is designed specifically to optimize the coverage of glycosylation heterogeneity in terms of the number of glycosylation sites detected and their corresponding glycan profiles. To test the effectiveness of this approach, a glycoprotein with 27 potential glycosylation sites, and an unknown glycosylation profile, was analyzed; on this protein, more than 300 glycoforms from 23 detected glycosylation sites were identified. This work demonstrates that these strategies significantly improve the glycopeptide detection, thereby, facilitating understanding the functional properties of glycans on the glycoproteins.     

Preparation of Thermally Stable Mesostructured Nano-sized TiO2 Particles by Modified Sol–Gel Method Using Ionic Liquid

The mesoporous anatase form of TiO₂ was prepared by modified sol–gel method using ionic liquid as a template agent. The prepared nanosize TiO₂ particle was characterized by N₂-physisorption, XRD, TEM, and SEM. The physical properties of prepared TiO₂ particles were compared with that prepared by conventional sol–gel method without template. It has been proved that the anatase phase prepared by modified sol–gel process using ionic liquid was preserved well even if the TiO₂ samples were treated at high temperatures up to 800 °C while those prepared by conventional sol–gel method were transformed from anatase to rutile phase gradually during calcinations at 600 °C. Moreover, there was no phase transition in the sample obtained by sol–gel method with ionic liquid in spite of prolonged calcination for 60 h at 600 °C. However, in case of those samples prepared by conventional sol–gel method, the portion of rutile form was continuously increased with the increase in the calcination period.     

Polymerization kinetics for the preparation of poly(p-divinylbenzene) via a miniemulsion polymerization process

The polymerization kinetics for the preparation of poly(p-divinylbenzene (p-DVB)) via a miniemulsion polymerization process was studied by the gravimetric analysis and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The influence of the variation of both initiator concentration and polymerization temperature on the polymerization rate was investigated and also the activation energy of p-divinylbenzene was estimated. The evolution of polymer particles was observed by the electronmicrographs and the relatively large size of polymer particles without the formation of coagulum was obtained in the miniemulsion polymerization process.     

Highly responsive hydrogel scaffolds formed by three-dimensional organization of microgel nanoparticles

We present a robust and straightforward method for fabricating remarkably responsive hydrogel scaffolds consisting of submicron-sized microgel particles. We demonstrate that the microgel particles assemble either through bridging or depletion interactions to yield a structure that swells or deswells at a macroscopic level in much shorter times as compared to a bulk polymer gel of similar characteristics. This approach offers a new way of fabricating functional hydrogel scaffolds with controllable responsiveness to applied stimuli and excellent loading capability for a wide variety of materials, irrespective of chemistry, size, and shape.