铸件热节变化与冒口位置的分析

热节是铸件凝固慢的节点或区域,可分为几何热节、物理热节、接触热节和流动热节.热节的位置、大小受铸件结构、铸型材质和浇冒口系统的开设位置所影响.冒口的开设应使接触热节、流动热节与几何热节分离.     

PSZ／Mo功能梯度材料的有限元设计

利用有限元分析的方法，依据拉应力和比应力最小原则对PSZ／Mo功能梯度材料进行了优化设计，确定了FGM的最佳形状分布因子、层数和每一层的厚度。并对最优成分分布FGM在稳态隔热状态下所产生的温度场和热应力进行了计算，得出进行PSZ／Mo功能梯度材料优化设计所需考虑的主要因素。     

Effects of deformation on microstructures and properties of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr alloy

Warm extrusion of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr from 100 ℃ to 600 ℃ was investigated. The effects of different extrusion ratios and different extrusion temperatures on microstructures and properties of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr were studied. The microstructures of the extruded Cu-5%Cr were characterized by backscattered electron irnages（BSE） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The mechanical properties of the extruded Cu-5%Cr were measured by means of microhardness and tension test. The results show that, the deformation, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of the extruded Cu-5%Cr are mainly produced in Cu matrix. The higher extrusion ratio leads to more uniform microstructure and finer Cu grains. When being extruded in the range of 100-600 ℃, dynamic recovery of Cu is the dominant process, and dynamic recrystallization of Cu occurred above 300 ℃ is far from end. The most part of microstructure of as-extruded Cu-5%Cr is subcrystaUines produced by dynamic recovery, only a few recrystallines exist, and the average size of these grains is not larger than 400 nm. With extrusion temperature rising, the tensile strength and microhardness of Cu-5%Cr decrease, and elongation increases gradually.     

Synthesis and characterization of LiNi0.95-xCoxAl0.05O2 for lithium-ion batteries

Samples of LiNi0.95-xCoxAl0.05O2 （x = 0.10 and 0.15） and LiNiO2, synthesized by the solid-state reaction at 725℃ for 24 h from LiOH-H2O, Ni2O3, Co2O3, and AI（OH）3 under an oxygen stream, were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, SEM, and electrochemical tests. Simultaneous doping of cobalt and aluminum at the Ni-site in LiNiO2 was tried to improve the cathode performance for lithium-ion batteries. The results showed that co-doping （especially, 5 at.% A1 and 10 at.% Co） definitely had a large beneficial effect in increasing the capacity （186.2 mA.h/g of the first discharge capacity for LiNio.s.42OoaoAlo.0502） and cycling behavior （180.1 mA-h/g after 10 cycles for LiNio.85CooaoAlo.osO2） compared with 180.7 mA.h/g of the first discharge capacity and 157.7 mA.h/g of the tenth discharge capacity for LiNiO2, respectively. Differen- tial capacity versus voltage curves showed that the co-doped LiNio.95_xCoxmlo.osO2 had less intensity of the phase transitions than the pristine LiNiO2.     

阳离子对P110钢高温高压CO2腐蚀反应过程的影响

运用腐蚀失重、腐蚀表面成分分析和电化学测量技术，研究了在高温高压条件下阳离子对P110油管钢CO2腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明：随着试验时间的延长，阳离子的存在使得电极反应速率降低较慢，它不仅通过在金属表面成膜影响腐蚀反应的阳极过程，而且同时改变了腐蚀反应的阴极过程；在反应初始阶段EIS具有2个时间常数，电极反应由活化控制，随着腐蚀的进行，腐蚀产物膜越来越厚，越来越致密，EIS的低频端出现Warburg阻抗与容抗的叠加，自腐蚀电位下的电极反应属于混合控制；溶液中是否含有Ca2+、Mg2+离子，在P110钢腐蚀成膜过程中EIS存在一定的差别，并且使阻抗谱拟合结果在相同的腐蚀时间内产生很大的变化.      

稳恒磁场下Ni-W合金镀膜的制备与耐蚀性

研究了施加稳恒磁场(0~1 T)对电镀Ni-W合金的影响。测定不同方向、不同强度稳恒磁场下的电流效率、合金组成及镀层的耐蚀性,并用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对镀层的微观形貌及结构进行了观察和分析。对实验结果进行了分析讨论,找出稳恒磁场对这些性能指标的影响规律。结果表明:与不施加磁场相比,施加磁场后镀层的表面更均匀、细致、平整;镀层的含钨量上升:当B⊥J,B=1.0 T时,含钨量上升了约7%;当B∥J,B=1.0 T时,含钨量上升了约9%;镀膜的非晶化程度增强;镀膜的耐蚀性提高;但Ni-W合金电镀的电流效率降低。     

Nonclassical constitutive model involving void evolution of casting magnesium alloy

The void evolution equation and the elastoplastic constitutive model of casting magnesium alloy were investigated. The void evolution equation consists of the void growth and the void nucleation equations. The void growth equation was obtained based on the continuous supposition of the material matrix, and the void nucleation equation was derived by assuming that the void nucleation follows a normal distribution. A softening function related to the void evolution was given. After the softening function was embedded to a nonclassical elastoplastic constitutive equation, a constitutive model involving void evolution was obtained. The numerical algorithm and the finite element procedure related to the constitutive model were developed and applied to the analysis of the distributions of the stress and the porosity of the notched cylindrical specimens of casting magnesium alloy ZL305. The computed results show satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.     

A fuzzy expert system for the design of machining operations

In this paper, a fuzzy expert system called Smart Assistant to Machinist, or SAM, is introduced. The system consists of four modules: a database, a cutter selection module, a cutting condition design module and a learning module. The database consists of four data files: work material data file, machine tool data file, machining plan data file (which defines desirable material removal rate, surface finish, cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, etc.) and cutter data file. The cutter selection module is developed based on fuzzy logic, in which the cutter selection is conducted in three steps. First, the input information is “fuzzyized” Next, using the fuzzy correlation functions, cutter grades and cutters are selected. Then, the selected grades and cutters are searched against the cutter data file to check the availability. The cutting condition design module is developed based on fuzzy non-linear programming and user interactive graphics. The learning module is developed so that users can fine-tune the fuzzy functions to further improve the performance of the system. The system has two distinct features: (1) it can select cutters and design cutting conditions based on partial and imprecise information, and (2) it selects commercial cutter products used on shop floors. The use of the system is demonstrated using two examples.     

刀具磨损声谱特征的分析

刀具在切削过程中，会产生大量的声信号。文中运用统计方法对切削声信号进行了深入分析，并对可听阈内的声信号按低频带、中频带和高频带分别进行了功率谱分析。研究结果表明，切削声信号中100—8kHz频带内的特征频率分量反映了刀具磨损状态及其变化规律，这为利用声信号进行刀具实时在线监测奠定了基础。     

Mathematical modeling of electromagnetic dimensionless number for electromagnetic casting of metals and its application

in order to estimate the feasibility of electromagnetic casting (EMC) for different metals, a mathematical model named the electromagnetic dimensionless number (EMDN) was presented, and its validity was proved by the experiments of aluminum and Sn-3~Pb alloy. From the experiment and the analysis of EMDN it can be concluded that the EMC of steel can be attained only when the magnetic flux density is larger than 0. 09 T, while that required for aluminum is only 0. 04 T. The mathematical expression of the electromagnetic dimensionless number was given out.