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11.
Abdulkadir Kocer Ismet Faruk Yaka Afsin Gungor 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2017,42(36):23244-23249
In this study, a modeling study was carried out to investigate the potential of hydrogen production from greenhouse tomato and pepper residues blending in different rates (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) by air-steam gasification. The numerical model developed for the gasification system assumes that all carbon in the mixture is gasified. Air to fuel rate and steam to fuel rates are 0.05 due to high content of O2 in biomass residues. The gasifier temperature is 877 °C (1150 K) for developed model. According to the result of this study, increasing tomato residues blending rate increases hydrogen content of syngas. It is mainly caused by the content of O2 in tomato residues being higher than content of O2 in pepper residues. This study shows that the O2 content of greenhouse residues is an important factor in syngas production, especially in H2 production. 相似文献
12.
Mechanical,chemical, thermal,and rheological properties of recycled PA6/ABS binary and PA6/PA66/ABS ternary blends
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The effects of multiple injection molding cycles on the chemical and mechanical properties of PA6/ABS and PA6/PA66/ABS blends are investigated. The chemical structures of both PA6/ABS binary and PA6/PA66/ABS ternary blends do not alter after recycling process. For PA6/ABS binary blend, it is found that the tensile strength, strain at break, elastic modulus, impact strength, flexural strength, and modulus of recycled blend decrease by 6.49%, 15.19%, 21.00%, 9.41%, 7.09%, and 8.25%, respectively, while MFI increases by 23.59% as compared with the virgin blend. After five recycling process for PA6/PA66/ABS ternary blend, the tensile strength, strain at break, and impact strength of recycled blend decrease by 18.00%, 50.80%, and 87.27%, respectively. However, flexural strength and modulus of PA6/PA66/ABS blend increase slightly. For virgin PA6/PA66/ABS blend, MFI value was 7.7 g/10 min and with recycling this value showed an important increase to 31.56 g/10 min after five cycles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40810. 相似文献
13.
Ergin Murat Altuner Hami Alpas Yasar Kemal Erdem Faruk Bozoglu 《European Food Research and Technology》2006,222(3-4):392-396
Interest in high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) applications on milk and dairy products has recently increased as HHP offers a
new technology for food preservation to the food industry. Although HHP-induced microbial destruction, rennet or acid coagulation
of milk and increase in cheese yield has been reported, the actual effect of HHP application on milk constituents still remains
to be unexplained. Therefore, we have analyzed the effect of HHP on physicochemical and biochemical properties such as turbidity,
pH and especially protein micelle surface hydrophobicity of milk proteins. To serve for this purpose, milk samples with different
fat contents were pressurized from 110 to 440 MPa at 25 °C for 10 and 20 min. Turbidity decreased with pressure increase and
there was a slight change in pH. In order to measure the extent of exposure of hydrophobic groups of proteins to HHP, the
method described by Bonomi et al. [1], based on use of a fluorescent probe, was utilized. In the light of the results obtained, it can be concluded that HHP has
an effect on non-covalent interactions and especially hydrophobic bonds in milk. As the pressure is increased from 110 to
440 MPa, the micelles possibly decompose into sub-micelles and the embedded hydrophobic areas inside these micelles re-position
in such a way that they can readily interfere with the fluorescent marker, ANS. These results may lead to practical applications
of HHP treatment in the dairy industry to produce microbiologically safe, minimally processed products with high nutritional
and sensory quality and novel texture. 相似文献
14.
Macromonomers based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with α,ω-thiophene functional end groups were prepared in bulk by enzymatic
polymerization using immobilized Candida Antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) as the catalyst. In the synthesis strategy, 3-thiophenemethanol was used to initiate the enzyme-assisted
ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) to yield PCL with α-thiophene end group (initiation reaction, ThPCL)
and then 3-thiopheneacetic acid was added to prepolymerized ε-CL to introduce ω-thiophene functionality in termination step
(ThPCLTh). Macromonomers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, and GPC. Moreover, the obtained macromonomers were employed in electropolymerization experiments and copolymers
with thiophene or pyrrole were synthesized through their end thiophene groups. These polymers were characterized by cyclic
voltammetry (CV), FTIR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Conductivity measurements were carried out by the four-probe
technique. 相似文献
15.
16.
Multiagent learning involves acquisition of cooperative behavior among intelligent agents in order to satisfy the joint goals.
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising unsupervised machine learning technique inspired from the earlier studies in animal
learning. In this paper, we propose a new RL technique called the Two Level Reinforcement Learning with Communication (2LRL)
method to provide cooperative action selection in a multiagent environment. In 2LRL, learning takes place in two hierarchical
levels; in the first level agents learn to select their target and then they select the action directed to their target in
the second level. The agents communicate their perception to their neighbors and use the communication information in their
decision-making. We applied 2LRL method in a hunter-prey environment and observed a satisfactory cooperative behavior.
Guray Erus received the B.S. degree in computer engineering in 1999, and the M.S. degree in cognitive sciences, in 2002, from Middle
East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey. He is currently a teaching and research assistant in Rene“ Descartes University,
Paris, France, where he prepares a doctoral dissertation on object detection on satellite images, as a member of the intelligent
perception systems group (SIP-CRIP5). His research interests include multi-agent systems and image understanding.
Faruk Polat is a professor in the Department of Computer Engineering of Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. He received
his B.Sc. in computer engineering from the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, in 1987 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees
in computer engineering from Bilkent University, Ankara, in 1989 and 1993, respectively. He conducted research as a visiting
NATO science scholar at Computer Science Department of University of Minnesota, Minneapolis in 1992–93. His research interests
include artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems and object oriented data models. 相似文献
17.
The spin-1 model is studied on the Bethe lattice by including the bilinear J and biquadratic K exchange interactions into the Hamiltonian. The effects of J is randomized by using a bimodal random distribution with an adjustable parameter α which allows to study the cases of ±J-model and bond-dilution. The thermal variations of the order-parameters are studied to obtain the possible phase diagrams of the model. It is found that second-order phase transitions lines separate the ordered-phases, ferromagnetic, or antiferromagnetic, from the disordered one, i.e., the paramagnetic phase. The staggered quadrupolar phase lines are also found and only seen for higher negative K values for coordination number q=4 and 6, only. The reentrant behavior is also found for some of the phase transitions lines. 相似文献
18.
Zeynep Münteha Şahin Erdinç Doğancı S. Zeki Yıldız Murat Tuna Faruk Yılmaz Yusuf Yerli Mesut Görür 《Synthetic Metals》2010,160(17-18):1973-1980
Two-armed poly(?-caprolactone) (TAPCL) polymers were successfully synthesized via the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ?-caprolactone (?-CL) using the Schiff's base complexes [Cu(SAEE)2] (1) and [Ni(SAEE)2] (2), which have two hydroxyl functional groups, as the two-site initiators and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) as the catalyst in bulk at 115 °C. The Schiff's base complexes (1 and 2) were synthesized by utilizing the concentrated template synthesis method starting from salicyl aldehyde, 2-(2-aminoethoxy) ethanol and related metal acetate salts. The synthesized TAPCL polymers were characterized by GPC, FTIR, UV–vis, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The molecular weights of TAPCL polymers linearly increased with increasing molar ratio of the monomer to the initiator. The results obtained from FTIR, UV–vis, and EPR studies indicated that TAPCL polymers had the Schiff's base complexes at the junction point of PCL arms. The crystallization behavior of TAPCL was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). Thermal behavior of TAPCL was also investigated by thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA). 相似文献
19.
Smart structures and their applications on active vibration control: Studies in the Department of Aerospace Engineering, METU 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Melin Sahin Fatih Mutlu Karadal Yavuz Yaman Omer Faruk Kircali Volkan Nalbantoglu Fatma Demet Ulker Tarkan Caliskan 《Journal of Electroceramics》2008,20(3-4):167-174
This work presents the theoretical and experimental studies conducted in Aerospace Engineering Department of Middle East Technical
University on smart structures with particular attention given to the structural modelling characteristics and active suppression
of in-vacuo vibrations. The smart structures considered in these analyses are finite and flat aluminium cantilever beam-like
(called as smart beam) and plate-like (called as smart fin) structures with surface bonded lead–zirconate–titanate patches.
Finite element models of smart beam and smart fin are obtained. Then the experimental studies regarding open loop behaviour
of the structures are performed by using strain gauges and laser displacement sensor to determine the system models. Further
studies are carried out to obtain H
∞ and μ-synthesis controllers which are intended to be used in the suppression of free and forced vibrations of the smart structures.
It is observed that satisfactory attenuation levels are achieved and robust performance of the systems in the presence of
uncertainties is ensured. In that respect a comparative study involving H
∞ and sliding mode controls is also conducted. Recently, the studies involving aerodynamic loading are also gathering pace. 相似文献
20.
Samarium-doped CeO2 is a leading electrolyte for applications in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which requires a typical sintering temperature of 1400–1600 °C. In this work, fully dense CeO2 ceramics doped with 10–20 at.% samarium have been fabricated by a simple polyol process. The XRD and SEM results show that a complete solid solution between CeO2 and samarium was obtained at the sintering temperature of 1300 °C. And also the densification temperature is significantly lower than those (1400–1600 °C) reported for the SDC powders processed by modified sol–gel process and hydrothermal treatment. The resultant ceramics show the sizes of ultrafine grain are lower than 1 μm. 相似文献