Online hot selling period and its impact on e-retailer’s pricing strategies

The express delivery industry is often overloaded in some hot online selling seasons, which causes consumers’ dissatisfaction. Under such a circumstance, the e-retailer can utilise two opposite strategies, i.e. to set-up either a low price with a pre-announced markdown pricing (PMDP) strategy, or a high price with a pre-announced markup pricing (PMUP) strategy for the hot selling period. As both the prices and the express service quality are different between the regular period and the hot selling period, consumers can strategically choose their purchase time, which will in turn influences the e-retailer’s pricing strategy. To investigate under what condition one pricing strategy will dominate the other, we propose a two period pricing model in which the selling season are divided into regular and hot selling period, and all consumers are assumed to be strategic. The e-retailer determines the prices over the two kinds of periods to maximise its profit. The comparison shows that a PMUP (resp. PMDP) strategy is preferred when the overloading degree in the hot selling period is slight (resp. heavy). Furthermore, we extend our model by incorporating the competition of traditional retailers.     

泵供液式冷风机性能模拟与实验研究

本文建立了不同流程分布的冷风机模型,对各流程分布冷风机性能进行了模拟研究;采用泵供液式制冷量测试法,对以R717为工质的最优流程分布冷风机进行了性能测试。研究表明,单排管双流程布管方式能够使冷风机的性能最优;存在使冷风机制冷量最大的泵送比,在蒸发温度-25℃工况下,当泵送比为3.5时,冷风机的制冷量最大,为44.3 k W;随着蒸发温度的升高,冷风机的传热系数逐渐增大,当蒸发温度为-25℃时,传热系数为27.4 W/(m~2·K),当蒸发温度为0℃时,传热系数为34.4W/(m~2·K),提高了25.5%;随着蒸发温度的升高,冷风机的制冷量逐渐增大,当蒸发温度为-25℃时,制冷量为44.3 k W,当蒸发温度为0℃时,制冷量为64.3 k W,增大了45.15%。采用泵供液式制冷量测试法,测得在不同实验工况下,冷风机制冷量实验值比模拟值低5%左右,验证了冷风机模型的正确性。     

Irregular Time‐Varying Stress Degradation Path Modeling: a Case Study on Lithium‐ion Cell Degradation

The aim of this paper is to investigate the issue of degradation modeling and reliability assessment for products under irregular time‐varying stresses. Conventional degradation models have been extensively used in the relevant literature to characterize degradation processes under deterministic stresses. However, the time‐varying stress, which may affect degradation processes, widely exists in field conditions. This paper extends the general degradation‐path model by considering the effects of time‐varying stresses. The new degradation‐path model captures influences of varying stresses on performance characteristics. A nonlinear least square method is used to estimate the unknown parameters of the proposed model. A bootstrap algorithm is adopted for computing the confidence intervals of the mean time to failure and percentiles of the failure‐time distribution. Finally, a case study of lithium‐ion cells is presented to validate the proposed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

T700/5224复合材料在湿热环境和化学介质中的老化行为

研究T700/5224复合材料在湿热环境和15#液压油、4010#合成航空润滑油、RP-3航空煤油和AHC-1水基型清洗剂4种飞机上常用的化学介质中的老化行为、实验不同时间后的吸湿量及力学性能。采用红外光谱(IR)和动态力学(DMA)分析T700/5224复合材料在介质老化过程中的化学变化和玻璃化转变温度Tg。结果表明:在80℃-85%RH的湿热环境中实验1000h后吸湿量为1.05%,在80℃-100%RH的湿热环境中实验1000h后的吸湿量为1.35%;T700/5224复合材料湿热老化后,剪切性能随老化时间变化不大,弯曲性能下降较大,开孔拉伸性能变化较大,但总体上并没有降低,而开孔压缩性能一直缓慢下降。介质老化对T700/5224复合材料的力学性能影响不大,AHC-1水基型清洗剂对其影响大于其他3种介质,T700/5224复合材料在AHC-1水基型清洗剂中浸泡45天后其玻璃转变温度Tg下降10℃。     

硬脂酸粉尘爆炸过程中火焰传播试验及数值模拟

采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究了硬脂酸粉尘火焰在上端开口的圆柱形垂直燃烧管道的传播过程。试验利用高速摄影系统和红外热成像仪记录了火焰的传播过程和温度分布情况,结果表明:火焰传播速度和火焰温度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。采用Fluent软件计算得到的模拟结果与试验值吻合较好,模拟结果揭示了硬脂酸粉尘爆炸过程中气流速度的变化情况,分析结果表明:在同一时刻,气流速度高于粉尘火焰传播速度,是造成粉尘二次扬尘,进而产生持续爆炸的重要因素之一。     

1，4，5，8-四硝基-1，4，5，8-四氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸烷合成工艺的改进?

为了改进1,4,5,8-四硝基-1,4,5,8-四氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸烷(TNAD)的合成方法,以1,4,5,8-四氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸烷(THAD)为原料,经成盐、硝化两步反应合成出了TNAD,反应总收率为90%,纯度为98.7%。采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及元素分析对产品结构进行了表征。考察了硝化体系、物料比、反应温度、反应时间对硝化反应的影响,确定了最佳的反应条件:n(THAD.4HNO_3):n(98%HNO_3):n(AC_2O)=1:24:15,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为2 h。