超高交联树脂吸附处理2,4-D含酚废水的研究

采取超高交联树脂NDA-150吸附处理2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸含酚生产废水,取得了良好的效果。通过静态吸附比较和动态吸附-脱附研究,确定了最佳工艺参数。原废水呈深红褐色,总酚质量浓度>16000mg/L,树脂吸附后出水无色透明,总酚质量浓度<0.5mg/L,达到国家排放标准。原废水酸化和高浓脱附液酸化处理,能回收大量的2,4-二氯酚和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸。该工艺简单,操作方便,是一项具有环境效益和经济效益,值得推广的技术。     

Novel Method To Optimize the Structure of Reticulated Porous Ceramics

A novel method has been developed for the fabrication of silicon nitride reticulated porous ceramics (RPCs) with regulated structure, using polyurethane sponge as the template. This technique includes two centrifuging steps. In the first stage, the polyurethane sponges are coated with thin slurry through high-speed centrifuging. After the slurry on sponges dried, a high-strength green body without filled cells is obtained. In the second stage, because of improved adhesion between the body and the slurry after the first coating, the body with uniformly thick strut is produced by recoating the as-prepared green body with thixotropic slurry and centrifuging again. The loading content of slurry and the pore diameter of the RPCs body greatly depend on the slurry viscosity in the process of recoating. The strut diameter and pore diameter of the RPCs are effectively optimized by modulating the slurry viscosity.     

聚乳酸-聚氨酯微球的合成及其形态的研究

以低相对分子质量生物可降解D，L-聚乳酸(D，L-PLA)二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)为原料、1，4-丁二醇(BD)为扩链剂及聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为悬浮剂，通过悬浮聚合法初步合成了一种新型聚氨酯微球(PUMS)。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了BD的含量对微球表面形态的影响，通过激光粒度分析仪讨论了搅拌速率和PVP浓度对微球粒径及其分布的影响，用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)粒度分析仪对微球的化学结构进行了表征。结果表明，合成的微球的平均粒径随搅拌速率和PVP浓度的增加而减少，粒径分布变宽；当搅拌速率为400r／min，PVP质量分数为1．5％时。微球的平均粒径约47μm，粒径分布最窄。约在10～90μm；微球表面有孔，但随着BD含量的增加，微球表面变得相对粗糙，孔数减少，孔径减小，直至孔消失。     

岩盐溶解速率的研究

在岩盐溶解速率及其影响因素的实验研究基础上,建立了岩盐溶解速率的计算公式。研究的结果可为岩盐开采和其他水溶法矿物开采提供参考。     

High-performance dispersant of coal–water slurry synthesized from wheat straw alkali lignin

Environmental concerns have stimulated interest in utilizing plant-derived materials in various industrial fields. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize a new type of high-performance lignin series dispersant of coal–water slurry (CWS) from wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL), and determine the affecting factors in the reaction and the application performance for CWS preparation. The experimental results showed that the inherent viscosity and the sulfonic group content of the modified wheat straw alkali lignin (MSL) are the key factors affecting its dispersing effect for CWS. In the reaction, the reactant mass concentration and the sulfonating agent amount were changed to obtain the MSL with different inherent viscosities and sulfonic group contents, and the MSL with intermediate inherent viscosity (6.0 ml/g) and higher sulfonic group content (1.80 mmol g^− 1) was found to have excellent dispersing effect for CWS. The MSL obtained from optimized process was used as dispersant for CWS preparation, the studies of the properties of CWS showed that MSL has similar dispersing effect with naphtalenesulfonate–formaldehyde condensate, and far better dispersing effect than lignosulphonate. Recently this kind of new dispersant has been applied in several power plants in China.     

POE-g-MAH及其在增韧尼龙6中的应用

利用熔融接枝法制备了马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g—MAH），探讨了各个因素对POE-g—MAH接枝率和熔体流动速率（MFR）的影响，并得出了最佳配方、最佳工艺条件。将POE与接枝产物POE-g—MAH同时作为弹性体改性PA6时，体系的缺口冲击强度较纯尼龙提高近9倍，而其他力学性能改变不大。     

Synthesis of water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes by RAFT polymerization

Water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized by grafting poly(acrylamide) (PAM) from the surface of SWNT via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The RAFT agents were covalently attached to the SWNTs by functionalizing SWNTs with in situ generated diazonium compounds. The product was characterized by means of FT-IR, Raman, ¹H NMR, TGA and TEM. The results showed that PAM chains had successfully grafted from SWNT by RAFT polymerization. The amount of PAM grown from SWNT increased with the polymerization time. The acrylamide conversion increased linearly with the polymerization time, indicating the “living” characteristics of the RAFT polymerization. TEM was utilized to image PAM-g-SWNT, showing relatively uniform polymer coatings present on the surface of individual, debundled nanotubes.     

再结晶法制备高纯超细Al2O3粉的研究

本文介绍了用一种再结晶技术制造高炖、超细Al_2O_3粉体的新方法。 将硫酸铝铵溶液(AA)滴入碳酸氢铵溶液(AHC),经过反应合成一种新的含铝化合物,碳酸氢铝铵(AACH),然后在高温下煅烧,生成超细Al_2O_3粉体。另外还采用了X射线,红外光谱,DTA,以及TEM等手段,研究了反应温度、浓度、PH值和老化条件等对生成物AACH和Al_2O_3的影响。     

Y-TZP/Al_2O_3超细粉末的研究

用共沉淀法制备了3mol％Y_2O_3-ZrO_2-20Wt％Al_2O_3超细粉末。利用热分析、X射线、粒度分析仪、透射电镜和扫描电镜等研究了粉末的性能。实验结果表明:制备的粉末组分均匀,颗粒粒度为10nm,粒度分布窄,团聚体尺寸小,烧结活性高。粉末的相组成为t-ZrO_2。烧结体显微结构致密细晶,具有优异的力学性能。     

Formation of metal fog during molten salt electrolysis observed in a see-through cell

Visual observations of several molten salt electrolysis processes were made in a two-compartment, see-through quartz cell. The electrolyses of aluminium, magnesium, lead, zinc, sodium and potassium were studied. The colour of the melt in the anode compartment was pale yellow for fluoride-chloride melts and red for chloride melts, caused by the presence of dispersed anode gases during electrolysis. In the cathode compartment, streamers of metal fog were formed. The colours of the metal fog were purple for aluminium, grey for magnesium, lead and zinc, blue for sodium and green for potassium.The metal fog tended to sink to the bottom of the cell, which indicated that it had a higher density than that of the melt. The metal fog also penetrated into the anode compartment, probable due to convection and diffusion in the melt. The most probable explanation of the nature of the metal fog is that it consisted ofdispersed metal particles. This chemically unstable phase dissolved easily in the melt and was oxidized quickly by the anode gases.