The rust preventing mechanism of zinc dust paints

In atmospheric weathering the rust preventing mechanism of zinc dust paints is dominated by the sealing action of the zinc corrosion products on the paint surface. Under immersed conditions the time of cathodic protection of bare steel is dependent on the zinc content of the paints. An optimum zinc content has been found for all of the tested binders: polystyrene, vinyl copolymer and chlorinated rubber. Differences in the optimum zinc content arise mainly due to the different wetting of the pigment by the binders.     

德国迪林根ROGESA钢铁公司2号烧结机EFA(R)烟气处理系统及其运转情况

多年来,环境保护一直是烧结行业的一个重要课题.由于政府部门提出了更加严格的要求,烧结厂废气的进一步净化已经变得很有必要.一套新开发的、工业化的EFA(曳流吸收塔)烟气处理系统于2006年年中在ROGESA钢铁公司投入运行.本文就该系统的工艺流程、特点及运行情况作一介绍.     

4‐Biphenylalanine‐ and 3‐Phenyltyrosine‐Derived Hydroxamic Acids as Inhibitors of the JumonjiC‐Domain‐Containing Histone Demethylase KDM4A

Overexpression of the histone lysine demethylase KDM4A, which regulates H3K9 and H3K36 methylation states, has been related to the pathology of several human cancers. We found that a previously reported hydroxamate‐based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (SW55) was also able to weakly inhibit this demethylase with an IC₅₀ value of 25.4 μm . Herein we report the synthesis and biochemical evaluations, with two orthogonal in vitro assays, of a series of derivatives of this lead structure. With extensive chemical modifications on the lead structure, also by exploiting the versatility of the radical arylation with aryldiazonium salts, we were able to increase the potency of the derivatives against KDM4A to the low‐micromolar range and, more importantly, to obtain demethylase selectivity with respect to HDACs. Cell‐permeable derivatives clearly showed a demethylase‐inhibition‐dependent antiproliferative effect against HL‐60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.     

Differential Impact of Hyperglycemia in Critically Ill Patients: Significance in Acute Myocardial Infarction but Not in Sepsis?

Hyperglycemia is a common condition in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). These patients represent an inhomogeneous collective and hyperglycemia might need different evaluation depending on the underlying disorder. To elucidate this, we investigated and compared associations of severe hyperglycemia (>200 mg/dL) and mortality in patients admitted to an ICU for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or sepsis as the two most frequent admission diagnoses. From 2006 to 2009, 2551 patients 69 (58–77) years; 1544 male; 337 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2DM)) who were admitted because of either AMI or sepsis to an ICU in a tertiary care hospital were investigated retrospectively. Follow-up of patients was performed between May 2013 and November 2013. In a Cox regression analysis, maximum glucose concentration at the day of admission was associated with mortality in the overall cohort (HR = 1.006, 95% CI: 1.004–1.009; p < 0.001) and in patients suffering from myocardial infarction (HR = 1.101, 95% CI: 1.075–1.127; p < 0.001) but only in trend in patients admitted to an ICU for sepsis (HR = 1.030, 95% CI: 0.998–1.062; p = 0.07). Severe hyperglycemia was associated with adverse intra-ICU mortality in the overall cohort (23% vs. 13%; p < 0.001) and patients admitted for AMI (15% vs. 5%; p < 0.001) but not for septic patients (39% vs. 40%; p = 0.48). A medical history of type 2 diabetes (n = 337; 13%) was not associated with increased intra-ICU mortality (15% vs. 15%; p = 0.93) but in patients with severe hyperglycemia and/or a known medical history of type 2 diabetes considered in combination, an increased mortality in AMI patients (intra-ICU 5% vs. 13%; p < 0.001) but not in septic patients (intra-ICU 38% vs. 41%; p = 0.53) could be evidenced. The presence of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients has differential impact within the different etiological groups. Hyperglycemia in AMI patients might identify a sicker patient collective suffering from pre-diabetes or undiagnosed diabetes with its’ known adverse consequences, especially in the long-term. Hyperglycemia in sepsis might be considered as adaptive survival mechanism to hypo-perfusion and consecutive lack of glucose in peripheral cells. AMI patients with hyperglycemic derailment during an ICU-stay should be closely followed-up and extensively screened for diabetes to improve patients’ outcome.     

Development of a Technology for Online Measurement of Total and Water-Soluble Copper (Cu) in PM2.5

A novel monitor for online, in situ measurement of copper (Cu) in ambient fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM) was developed based on a recent published high flow rate aerosol-into-liquid collector. This aerosol-into-liquid collector operates at 200 L/min flow and collects particles directly as highly concentrated slurry samples. The Cu concentration in slurry samples is subsequently determined by a cupric ion selective electrode (ISE). Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the cupric ISE. The calibration curve of the cupric ISE was determined using Cu(NO₃)₂ standard solutions prepared by serial dilution. As part of the evaluation, the effects of ionic strength, temperature and pH of the aerosol slurry sample on the cupric ISE measurement were also evaluated. The Cu measurement system performance was evaluated by collecting and measuring samples of lab-generated Cu(NO₃)₂ aerosols with known mass concentration. Overall, very good agreement between the theoretical and measured Cu concentrations was obtained, corroborating the excellent high overall collection efficiency and measurement accuracy of the Cu measurement system. Field evaluations of the online Cu monitor demonstrated very good agreement for total and water-soluble Cu concentrations with measurements performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), suggesting that interferences from other components of particulate matter are minimal under real world sampling conditions. Moreover, the field tests indicated that the new online Cu monitor could achieve near-continuous collection and measurements (at 2–4 h intervals) for at least 4 to 7 days without any obvious shortcomings in its operation. Both laboratory and field evaluations of the online Cu monitor indicate that it is an effective and valuable technology for PM collection and characterization of Cu in ambient aerosols and provides the foundation for the wider use of ISE for metal analysis and speciation of aerosols.

Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research