Modeling of the free flight region of a cyclone transferred arc plasma reactor

The Plasmacan cyclone transferred arc plasma furnace seems ideally suited for the treatment of fine refractory powders to produce a consolidated liquid product. In this furnace, particles are pneumatically injected tangentially near the wall of a cylindrical sleeve while an arc is struck along the central axis of the sleeve. A simple model has been developed to examine the behaviour of the injected particles in the entrance region of the furnace up to the point where the particles reach their melting point and form the molten film. Three-dimensional equations of particle motion are solved to compute particle trajectories, given gas temperature and velocity fields in the furnace. The location of the first appearance of the molten film is computed under a variety of operating conditions for a laboratory scale furnace.     

Deactivation kinetics and modelling of coke removal under supercritical conditions for the example of ethylbenzene disproportionation

Deactivation kinetics and coke removal kinetics were derived from experimental studies on the disproportionation of ethylbenzene with a protonated Y-faujasite (Z-14) in a loop reactor under supercritical conditions. Derivation of the steady state kinetics of ethylbenzene disproportionation permitted determination of the catalyst activity. At small educt mole fractions of ethylbenzene, owing to the modest removal of coke the deactivation kinetics can be described by a power relationship. The rate of coke removal can be correlated with the activity and the deactivation rate of the catalyst.     

Synthesis of α, ω-dichloro polyindene and poly(isobutylene-b-indene-b-isobutylene) employing Kennedy's inifer technique

Summary Kennedy's inifer technique has been modified and used for the preparation of ,-dichloro polyindene (PInCl₂). This telechelic has subsequently been used as initiator for the cationic isobutylene polymerization in conjunction with AlEt₂-Cl coinitiator. The resulting materials have been characterized by fractionation and GPC investigations.     

Zum Angriff von Aluminiumschmelzen auf niedriglegierten Stahl

Attack of molten aluminum on low alloy steel The present paper demonstrates the iron uptake by an initially ironfree hot dip aluminizing aluminum melt during the reaction with a low alloy steel (13 CrMo 44) between 700 and 800°C. The kinetic law governing iron accumulation in the melt is determined and correlated with the microscopically investigates phenomena at the phase boundary solid/melt. It is shown that an aluminum melt in contact with iron or steel not only takes up iron up to saturation but also removes from the solid additional iron, transforming it into the Θ-phase. The content of this phase in the iron saturated melt gradually increases during the process.     

Crack growth under cyclic thermal shock loading

Experimental and theoretical results of fatique crack growth under cyclic thermal shock loading are presented. The experiments were done by cooling hot steel plates by a water jet. Linear elastic fracture mechanics is applied to predict fatigue crack growth theoretically. For this stress intensity factors of semi-elliptical surface cracks were calculated by use of the weight function method. Measured fatigue crack growth is compared with predictions from the theory.     

Induction effects for heterochromatic brightness matching, heterochromatic flicker photometry, and minimally distinct border: implications for the neural mechanisms underlying induction

Brightness induction refers to the finding that the apparent brightness of a stimulus changes when surrounded by a black versus a white stimulus. In the current study, we investigated the effects of black/white surrounding stimuli on settings made between red and green stimuli on three different tasks: heterochromatic brightness matching (HBM), heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP), and minimally distinct border (MDB). For HBM, subjects varied the relative luminance between the red and green stimuli so that the brightness of the two colors appeared equal. For the two other tasks, matches were made based on minimizing red/green flicker (HFP) or the saliency of a red/green border (MDB). For all three tasks, the presence of black/white surrounding stimuli significantly altered red/green settings, demonstrating the existence of induction effects. These results are discussed in terms of which underlying color pathways (L+ M versus L-M) may contribute to induction effects for the different tasks.