"In situ" anesthetics and experimental cryotumorectomy

The results obtained by testing 3127 mink sera as well as the analysis of families completely confirmed that the Lpm allotype system of very high density proteins is under genetic control, as postulated earlier. The polymorphism of the first five allotypes is due to the genetic units Lpm1, Lpm4, Lpm1,2, Lpm3,4 and Lpm2,4,5, which behave as Mendelian alleles. The data obtained suggest the existence of an additional gene, LpmX, which, in the homozygous state, determines a very rare phenotype, negative for the first five markers.     

Dissolution anodique de l'etain en milieu basique

A non uniform dissolution was observed on a tin rotating electrode in an alkaline medium. Anodic dissolution takes place only at the inner disc when the electrode is polarised in the overhang of the polarisation curve which is Z shaped. The study of the impedance diagrams has shown the importance of a diffusion impedance of a reaction product. The diffusion coefficient of this species is measured by impedance method.     

Chiari's pelvic osteotomy in adults. 35 cases (author's transl)

Between 1968 and 1978 the authors have performed 35 Chiari's pelvic osteotomies in adults ; 25 cases reviewed after a more than one year follow-up. The operation is a relatively major one, and complications are not uncommon. Carried out in adults for sequelae of hip dislocation in childhood, with or without arthrosis, it relieves pain remarkably well and improves walking distances but has little effect on hip mobility. Pelvic osteotomy may also give satisfactory results in some advanced forms of arthrosis, provided hip mobility remains sufficient (70 degrees flexion or more).     

用谱仪测量环境 Υ 照射量率

本文介绍了一台就地测量环境γ照射量率的 NaI(Tl)谱仪。并介绍了测量陆地总γ照射量率的谱能法和测量单个核素或天然衰变系γ照射量率的峰面积法及其有关刻度因子与参数的确定方法。在原子能所建筑物内外做了一些现场测量,有的测量结果和高压电离室或 PTB-7201型剂量仪的测量值作了比较,二者在±5%范围内是吻合的。     

关于用FD-71型闪烁辐射仪测量环境γ照射量率的讨沦

本文讨论了 FD-71型闪烁辐射仪用于环境γ照射量率测定时的能响修正、环境因素影响和探测限等问题。FD-71受环境温度影响不大;但能响很差,若不修正,可引起+50%至+150%的误差,采用典型环境γ场刻度修正系数修正后,由能响引起的不确定度仍可达±25%;最小可探测限约为1μR/h。     

Estimation of the exposure of the French population to the BSE agent: comparison of the 1980-95 consumption of beef products containing mechanically recovered meat in France and the UK,by birth cohort and gender

Assuming that human exposure to BSE was through beef mechanically recovered meat (MRM) consumed as burgers and other meat products, we estimated the French consumption of different food items containing beef MRM, and compared these consumptions for French and British populations. To estimate consumption of meat products containing bovine MRM, we used dietary data from national individual and household food surveys conducted between 1980 and 1995. After reconciliation of consumption data between the available surveys and calendar year adjustments, we simulated consumption of one-thousandth of the French population. Consumption was estimated by birth cohort and gender, and for the periods 1980-89 and 1990-95 separately. Data showed that burgers (including manufactured minced meat) represented around 75-80% of the individual consumption of meat products containing MRM, and that consumption of burgers increased by 40% over the 1980-95 period. In all age groups, consumption was higher in males than in females. In both genders, the 1940-69 birth cohort had the highest mean consumption of burgers and other beef products containing MRM. Similar findings have been reported for the UK population. Estimated consumption of bovine MRM per calendar year increased markedly over the study period, concomitantly with an increase of bovine carcasses imported from the UK. Comparison of the 1980-1995 pattern of bovine MRM consumption in the UK and France indicated thatthis consumption peaked later in France than in the UK. This difference might result in different temporal pattern of vCJD incidence.     

The OH-initiated oxidation of hexylene glycol and diacetone alcohol

The OH-initiated oxidation of two VOCs directly emitted to the atmosphere through their use as industrial solvents, hexylene glycol (HG, (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH(OH)CH3) and diacetone alcohol (DA, (CH3)2C(OH)CH2C(O)CH3), has been studied in two photoreactors: a 140 L Teflon bag irradiated by lamps at CNRS-Orleans and the 200 m3 European photoreactor, EUPHORE, irradiated by sunlight. The rate constants for the reactions of HG and DA with OH radicals have been determined at (298 +/- 3) K using a relative rate method: k(HG) = (1.5 +/- 0.4) x 10(-11) and k(DA) = (3.6 +/- 0.6) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and have been found in good agreement with estimations from structure-reactivity relationships. The study at Orleans and EUPHORE of the OH-initiated oxidation of hexylene glycol showed the formation of diacetone alcohol, acetone, and PAN as the principal products. The branching ratio of the H-atom abstraction from the > CH- group of HG has been estimated to be (47 +/- 4)% corresponding to the measured formation yield of DA. The formation yields of acetone and PAN lead to the determination of a lower limit of (33 +/- 7)% for the branching ratio of the H-atom abstraction of the -CH2- group of HG. For diacetone alcohol, studies at EUPHORE have shown negligible photolysis under atmospheric conditions (J < 5 x 10(-6) s(-1)) and the formation of acetone, PAN, HCHO, and CO in the OH-initiated oxidation experiments. The molar yield of acetone, close to 100%, corresponds to the branching ratio of the H-atom abstraction from the -CH2- group of DA. The present study has allowed the identification of the nature and the fate of the oxy radicals as intermediates in the oxidation mechanism of both HG and DA. The atmospheric implication of these results, especially the ozone formation potential of HG and DA, is discussed.     

Exploratory spatial data analysis of the distribution of regional per capita GDP in Europe, 1980−1995

The aim of this paper is to study the space-time dynamics of European regional per capita GDP. A sample of 138 European regions over the 1980–1995 period provides clear evidence of global and local spatial autocorrelation as well as spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of regional per capita GDP. The detection of spatial clusters of high and low per capita GDP throughout the period is an indication of the persistence of spatial disparities among European regions. The dynamism of European regions is investigated by exploring the spatial pattern of regional growth. Implications for applied econometric work on the convergence of European regions are then suggested. Received: 11 September 2000 / Accepted: 11 March 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Previous versions of this article were presented at the 6th RSAI World Congress 2000 “Regional Science in a Small World”, Lugano, Switzerland, May 16–20, 2000 and the 40th ERSA Congress “European Monetary Union and Regional Policy”, Barcelona, Spain, August 29 – September 1, 2000. We would like to thank L. Anselin, R.J.G.M. Florax, A. Getis, C. Baumont, an and suggestions. We would also like to thank Eurostat: G. Decand and A. Behrens from the regional statistics section (division E4) as well as J. Recktenwald and I. Dennis for the help they provided on the Eurostat-Regio database. The usual disclaimer applies.     

Atmospheric turbulence characterization with the Keck adaptive optics systems. I. Open-loop data

We present a detailed investigation of different methods of the characterization of atmospheric turbulence with the adaptive optics systems of the W. M. Keck Observatory. The main problems of such a characterization are the separation of instrumental and atmospheric effects and the accurate calibration of the devices involved. Therefore we mostly describe the practical issues of the analysis. We show that two methods, the analysis of differential image motion structure functions and the Zernike decomposition of the wave-front phase, produce values of the atmospheric coherence length r0 that are in excellent agreement with results from long-exposure images. The main error source is the calibration of the wave-front sensor. Values determined for the outer scale L0 are consistent between the methods and with typical L0 values found at other sites, that is, of the order of tens of meters.     

Enhancement of immunocomplex detection and application to assays for DNA adduct of benzo[a]pyrene

The stability of antibody and formation of immunocomplexes are essential to high-sensitivity capillary electrophoresis immunoassays (CEIA). However, little attention has been paid to enhancing or maintaining immunocomplex formation and antibody stability to improve the performance of CEIA. We report here the use of nonspecific proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbit immunoglobulin (rIgG), to enhance immunocomplex formation and to stabilize antibodies and immunocomplexes for immunoassays. Complexes between DNA adducts of benzo[a]pyrenediol epoxide (BPDE) and their antibodies were examined using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-HF). A tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-labeled single-stranded oligonucleotide (16-mer) containing a single BPDE adduct was used as a fluorescent probe to study its immunocomplexes with a monoclonal antibody (8E11). To examine the formation of larger complexes, a TMR-labeled secondary antibody (anti-mouse), a primary antibody (mouse monoclonal antibody 5D11), and BPDE adducts in cellular DNA were used. We demonstrate that the use of nonspecific proteins stabilized the antibody and greatly enhanced the formation and stability of the immunocomplexes, resulting in substantial improvements in the detection limit (10-fold) and the reproducibility of the analysis. Another advantageous consequence of the stabilization was a 150-fold reduction of the concentration of the antibody needed for the immunoassay, resulting in reduced background and cost. We successfully applied this technique to the determination of DNA adducts of BPDE using a competitive immunoassay. The results from both small complexes (between a primary antibody and an oligonucleotide) and larger complexes (among a secondary antibody, a primary antibody, and cellular DNA) indicate that the technique can be extended to other immunoassays. We suggest that nonspecific proteins may assist the formation and stabilization of antibody-antigen complexes by maintaining the correct conformation of the antibody and antigen for optimum binding.