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961.
Miscibility and surface crystal morphology of blends containing poly(vinylidene fluoride) by atomic force microscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The miscibility and surface crystalline structure of blends containing poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composed of and γ phases were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and differential scanning calorimeter (d.s.c.) measurements. It was found that the surface crystalline phase of PVDF and the degree of surface enrichment of a lower surface free energy component in a blend might strongly be affected by the magnitude of the intermolecular interaction, even though the blend is miscible. Also, the segmental interaction parameters was determined by combining the Tm depression of PVDF in a blend and the binary interaction model. According to the binary interaction model, the introduction of a carboxyl group for miscible [poly(methyl methacrylate)/PVDF] and [poly(vinyl acetate)/PVDF] blends decreased their miscibility. 相似文献
962.
Antonio De León‐Rodríguez Enrique Galindo Octavio T. Ramírez 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2010,85(7):950-956
BACKGROUND: A laboratory scale one‐compartment scale‐down system (1‐CSDS), used to generate dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) gradients was designed and characterized. The system consists of a 1.5‐L stirred‐tank bioreactor coupled to an automatic DOT controller that changes the oxygen partial pressure in the inlet gas through a feedback proportional–integral–derivative algorithm, while maintaining the hydrodynamic conditions constant. Oscillatory control of DOT was achieved by employing time‐dependent square wave or sinusoidal setpoints. RESULTS: The 1‐CSDS can be modeled as a first‐order dynamic system, but showing a permanent lag between the system response and the setpoint. The 1‐CSDS had a faster response rate for generating oscillating DOT when a square wave setpoint was used rather than a sinusoidal setpoint. The 1‐CSDS generated symmetric DOT oscillations at periods above of 100 s. CONCLUSION: The 1‐CSDS is suited to investigate the responses of microorganisms and cells, of biotechnological importance, to oscillatory DOT conditions. It was found that the response of the 1‐CSDS was limited by the kLa. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
963.
Overbeek Geertjan; Stattin H?kan; Vermulst Ad; Ha Thao; Engels Rutger C. M. E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,43(2):429
This study examined whether detrimental childhood relationships with parents were related to partner relationship quality and emotional adjustment in adulthood. The authors tested a theoretical model in which (a) low-quality parent-child relationships were related to conflict and low-quality communication with parents in adolescence, (b) parent-adolescent conflict and low-quality communication were linked to low-quality partner relationships in young adulthood, and (c) low-quality partner relationships in young adulthood were predictive of low-quality partner relationships as well as depression, anxiety, and dissatisfaction with life at midlife. Multi-informant data were used from 212 Swedish individuals who were followed from birth into adulthood. Results demonstrated that, as hypothesized, negative parent-child bonds were indirectly related to low-quality partner relationships and dissatisfaction with life in adulthood (but not anxiety and depression) through conflictual parent-adolescent communication and low-quality partner relationships in young adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
964.
Jong-Yoon Ha Ji-Won Choi Chong-Yun Kang Doo Jin Choi Hyun-Jai Kim Seok-Jin Yoon 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2005,90(2-3):396-400
The microstructure and piezoelectric properties of the 0.01Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3–0.41Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3–0.23PbZrO3 + 0.1 and 0.3 wt.% Y2O3 + x ZnO ceramics were investigated. The crystal structure changed from psudocubic to tetragonal when ZnO added. The average grain size increased from 4 μm to 8 μm with the addition of ZnO by oxygen diffusion, even if the growth rate was low. When ZnO added until 0.5 wt.%, the , kp and d33 values of specimens were slightly increased regardless Y2O3 contents. The curie point of PMW–PNN–PT–PZ ceramics were increased from 162 °C to 232 °C, as increasing the ZnO contents. When ZnO added, the kp of specimens slightly was increased regardless Y2O3 contents. The mechanical quality factors were abruptly decreased regardless Y2O3 contents, when ZnO added until 0.75 wt.%. The optimized piezoelectric properties were obtained; d33 = 730 (pC/N), kp = 60, Qm = 50, and = 4750, when PMW–PNN–PT–PZ + 0.3 wt.% Y2O3 + 0.5 wt.% ZnO sintered at 1200 °C for 1 h. 相似文献
965.
Chang-Won Hwang Dow-Bin Hyun Heon-Phil Ha Tae Sung Oh 《Journal of Materials Science》2001,36(13):3291-3297
Effects of excess Te on the thermoelectric properties of p-type 25% Bi2Te3-75% Sb2Te3 single crystal and hot-pressed sinter were characterized and understood with the micro-phase diagram near the stoichiometric composition obtained by measuring the equilibrium Seebeck coefficient. Thermoelectric properties of the 25% Bi2Te3-75% Sb2Te3 single crystal were varied with the amount of excess Te, as -phase of the single crystal becomes less Te-deficient with adding more excess Te. However, thermoelectric properties of the hot-pressed sinter were not varied with the amount of excess Te, because the composition of -phase is not changed with the amount of excess Te. While a maximum figure-of-merit of 2.39 × 10–3/K at 300 K was obtained for the 25% Bi2Te3-75% Sb2Te3 single crystal by adding 6 wt % excess Te, the hot-pressed 25% Bi2Te3-75% Sb2Te3 sinter exhibited the figure-of-merit of 2.97 × 10–3/K regardless of the excess Te amount. 相似文献
966.
基于CFD的LED阵列自然对流散热研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
基于计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,分别采用带浮力修正的k-ε模型和P-1模型计算对流换热和热辐射,构建了包括LED固体部件和外部流体空间的全场三维数学模型。应用该模型对LED自然对流散热过程进行模拟,并通过物理试验验证了模型的有效性。计算表明,温度场与对流换热系数分布均具有各向异性特征,前者取决于芯片的功率密度和布设位置,而后者源于外部流体的流动状态。并且,辐射在整个散热过程中起着重要的作用,它不仅能减小热阻、降低结温,而且能弱化温度场的不均性、提高整体散热效率,在本文的计算条件下,辐射散热量占总散热功率的23.3%。 相似文献
967.
968.
Gilles Rochefort Frédéric Champagnat Guy Le Besnerais Jean-Fran?ois Giovannelli 《IEEE transactions on image processing》2006,15(11):3325-3337
Super-resolution (SR) techniques make use of subpixel shifts between frames in an image sequence to yield higher resolution images. We propose an original observation model devoted to the case of nonisometric inter-frame motion as required, for instance, in the context of airborne imaging sensors. First, we describe how the main observation models used in the SR literature deal with motion, and we explain why they are not suited for nonisometric motion. Then, we propose an extension of the observation model by Elad and Feuer adapted to affine motion. This model is based on a decomposition of affine transforms into successive shear transforms, each one efficiently implemented by row-by-row or column-by-column one-dimensional affine transforms. We demonstrate on synthetic and real sequences that our observation model incorporated in a SR reconstruction technique leads to better results in the case of variable scale motions and it provides equivalent results in the case of isometric motions. 相似文献
969.
Performance of the Keck Observatory adaptive-optics system 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The adaptive-optics (AO) system at the W. M. Keck Observatory is characterized. We calculate the error budget of the Keck AO system operating in natural guide star mode with a near-infrared imaging camera. The measurement noise and bandwidth errors are obtained by modeling the control loops and recording residual centroids. Results of sky performance tests are presented: The AO system is shown to deliver images with average Strehl ratios of as much as 0.37 at 1.58 microm when a bright guide star is used and of 0.19 for a magnitude 12 star. The images are consistent with the predicted wave-front error based on our error budget estimates. 相似文献
970.
对液相水-氢交换工艺中的小型高效三角螺旋填料进行脱脂除油、亲水等进行了表面处理;通过总有机碳方法 TOC分析,处理工艺对填料的脱油效果明显,扫描电子显微镜SEM分析表明该处理工艺明显改善了填料比表面积。在典型的水-氢交换工艺条件下,处理过后的小型高效填料与Pt-SDB催化剂分层填装,该处理方式显著提高了水-氢交换性能,等板高度HETP降低至13.46 cm;进一步实验测定水-氢交换柱流体力学性能:床层持液量为0.03 m3/m3、床层压降为20 Pa/m,与理论计算一致。 相似文献