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71.
Composites of silicon carbide (SiC) with up to 30 vol% of dysprosia (Dy2 O3 ) were fabricated by hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing. The effects of Dy2 O3 dispersions on the microstructure and on selected mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. When 10-15 vol% of Dy2 O3 was dispersed in the SiC matrix, the fracture toughness increased by ∼40%, whereas the flexural strength was comparable to that of unreinforced SiC. The increased fracture toughness was due to crack deflection, in conjunction with crack-interface grain bridging, and was not related to a phase transformation of Dy2 O3 in the matrix. 相似文献
72.
Jae-Keun Lee Hee-Soo Shin Chan-Jung Park Chang-Geon Lee Jung-Eun Lee Young-Whan Kim 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2002,19(1):41-45
A laboratory-scale electrodewatering system, incorporating an electric field as an additional driving force to conventional
pressure dewatering, has been developed to decrease the water content of sludges generated in wastewater treatment. Consisting
of a piston-type filter press, a power supply and a data acquisition system, the electrodewatering system’s performance was
evaluated as a function of applied pressure, applied voltage, sludge type and filtration time. Experiments were carried out
using sewage sludges with the electric field up to 120 V/cm and pressure ranging from 98.1 to 392.4 kPa. Electrodewatering
involving a combination of electric field and pressure enhances both the dewatering rate and final dewatered volume. The final
water content of sewage sludges in the electrodewatering system can be reduced to 62 wt%, as compared to 78 wt% achieved with
the pressure filtration alone. The electrodewatering system shows the potential to be an effective method for reducing the
water content in sludges. 相似文献
73.
Dynamic mechanical properties of three different styrene-based ionomer blends containing ca. 5 mol% of ionic repeat units were investigated; the three ionic units were itaconate (ITANa), methacrylate (MANa), and styrenesulfonate (SNa). For SNa-MANa ionomers, it was observed that this ionomer system showed only two loss tangent peaks, implying that this ionomer system resembles a typical miscible system. When the ion content increased, however, the ionomer blend showed two cluster loss tangent peaks, indicating the presence of phase-separated cluster regions. This suggests that, with increasing ion content, the role of ionic units becomes more important than that of host non-ionic units to determine ionomer properties. In the case of ITANa-MANa and ITANa-SNa ionomers, however, it was suggested that the multiplets of the MANa and SNa ionomers might be disrupted upon the addition of the ITANa ionomers. In addition, the SEM images showed that the fracture surfaces of ionomers changed upon blending. 相似文献
74.
Ki-Pung Yoo Hun Yong Shin Min Jeong Noh Seong Sik You 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》1997,14(5):341-346
To design a supercritical fluid extraction process for the separation of bioactive substances from natural products, a quantitative
knowledge of phase equilibria between target biosolutes and solvent is necessary. How-ever, mostly no such information is
available in literature to date. Thus in the present study, illustratively the solubility of bioactive coumarin and its various
derivatives (i.e., hydroxy-, methyl-, and methoxy-derivatives) in supercritical CO2 were measured at 308.15–328.15 K and 10–30 MPa. Also, the pure physical properties such as normal boiling point, critical
constants, acentric factor, molar volume and standard vapor pressure for coumarin and its derivatives were estimated. By these
estimated information, the measured solubilities were quantitatively correlated by an approximate lattice equation of state
proposed recently by the present authors. 相似文献
75.
Native corn starch‐ and hydroxypropylated starch (HPS‐) based plastic films were prepared using the short pulp fiber as the reinforcement and the glycerol as the plasticizer. The results of tensile test showed that the strain and stress at break and elastic modulus increased with pulp content. With glycerol content, the strain at break increased considerably, but the breaking stress and elastic modulus decreased. And the stress–strain curves showed that the brittleness problem of films was overcome by the pulp, glycerol, and water content. The hydroxypropyl starch films showed results similar to those of the native starch films. The results of the three‐point bending test showed that maximum deflection, flexural strength, and specific work increased with pulp content, but the flexural modulus was the highest at a pulp content of 20%. And with the glycerol content, the maximum deflection and specific work of rupture increased, but the bending elastic modulus decreased. The hydroxypropyl starch films showed results similar to those of native starch films as far as the maximum deflection and flexural strength were concerned, but the bending elastic modulus and specific work of the hydroxypropyl starch films were considerably lower than those of starch films. So it was concluded that the flexibility of films was improved by the hydroxypropylation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2108–2117, 2003 相似文献
76.
High oleic acid oil suppresses lung tumorigenesis in mice through the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yamaki T Yano T Satoh H Endo T Matsuyama C Kumagai H Miyahara M Sakurai H Pokorny J Shin SJ Hagiwara K 《Lipids》2002,37(8):783-788
This study was undertaken to estimate the effect of dietary high oleic acid oil (OA) on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. Diet containing 10% oil was fed to mice through experimental periods. On day 30
after NNK injection (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), the treatment increased the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of cell proliferation in a high linoleic acid oil (LA)-fed group
but not in an OA-fed group. The NNK treatment also induced the activation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)
cascade (Erk, Mek and Raf-1) in an LA-fed group. On the other hand, OA feeding abolished the NNK-induced activation of the
Erk cascade. In conjugation with these events, OA feeding reduced lung tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity (percentage
of mice with tumors) in mice compared with LA feeding at the 20th experimental week. These results suggest that OA suppresses
lung tumorigenesis and that this suppression is correlated with the inhibition of PGE2 production and inactivation of the Erk cascade. 相似文献
77.
Soo‐kyung Shin Myung‐jin Jun Hyungki Hong 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2014,22(2):122-128
In stereoscopic images, the crossing point of the viewing directions of the two eyes determines the perceived depth. Assuming that accommodation is affected by the positions of the crossing point, the effect of crossing point on minimum angle of resolution (MAR) was investigated. For 40 participants, MAR was measured by two‐alternative forced choice where Snellen optotype E of up and down directions were used as two kinds of stimuli. As the crossing point of the viewing direction of the left and right eyes moves farther from the sample display, the ability to identify the direction of letter E decreases at the optotype of the same line thickness. The change of MAR shows linear trends with respect to the optical power change that are the reciprocal of the distance from the participant to the crossing points located out of screen and on screen. 相似文献
78.
The interfacial reaction between styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) and amine-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (ATBA) was observed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging spectroscopy. The anhydride and amine reacted to form an imide. Each component was detected using a characteristic wavenumber, which was 1601 cm -1 for SMA, 2237 cm -1 for ATBA, and 1701 cm -1 for the imide. FTIR images were taken as the reaction proceeded at 150, 160, 170, and 180°C. At low temperatures (150 and 160°C), diffusion-controlled kinetics were observed since interdiffusion between the reactants did not appear in the images. On the other hand, both the diffusion front and the reaction front are observed in the images at high reaction temperatures (170 and 180°C), which indicates that the kinetics became reaction-controlled rather than diffusion-controlled. Absorbance profiles were extracted from the images and used for the calculation of the extent of reaction. The data were analyzed using the Frederickson and Milner theory based on the assumption of diffusion-controlled kinetics, and this theory fit the low reaction temperature data. 相似文献
79.
A new diimide–diacid monomer, N,N′‐bis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4′‐oxydiphthalimide (I), was prepared by azeotropic condensation of 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and p‐aminobenzoic acid (p‐ABA) at a 1:2 molar ratio in a polar solvent mixed with toluene. A series of poly(amide–imide)s (PAI, IIIa–m) was synthesized from the diimide–diacid I (or I′, diacid chloride of I) and various aromatic diamines by direct polycondensation (or low temperature polycondensation) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. It was found that only IIIk–m having a meta‐structure at two terminals of the diamine could afford good quality, creasable films by solution‐casting; other PAIs III using diamine with para‐linkage at terminals were insoluble and crystalline; though IIIg–i contained the soluble group of the diamine moieties, their solvent‐cast films were brittle. In order to improve their to solubility and film quality, copoly(amide–imide)s (Co‐PAIs) based on I and mixtures of p‐ABA and aromatic diamines were synthesized. When on equimolar of p‐ABA (m = 1) was mixed, most of Co‐PAIs IV had improved solubility and high inherent viscosities in the range 0.9–1.5 dl g?1; however, their films were still brittle. With m = 3, series V was obtained, and all members exhibited high toughness. The solubility, film‐forming ability, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the resultant poly(amide–imide)s were investigated. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
80.
Su‐Hsia Lin Hsiang‐Chien Kao Shih‐Hung Huang Ruey‐Shin Juang 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2002,77(2):168-174
The equilibrium and kinetics of solvent extraction of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions containing equimolar EDTA with Aliquat 336 in n‐decanol and kerosene at 298 K were investigated. The concentrations of Cu2+ (8–50 mol m?3), Cl? (5–60 mol m?3), and Aliquat 336 (20–100 mol m?3) were varied. A semi‐empirical model with three parameters was proposed to describe the equilibrium behavior, in which the non‐idealities in both aqueous and organic phases were considered. Over the ranges studied, the model agreed reasonably well with the experimental data (standard deviation, 15%). The forward and backward reaction rate constants were determined as (5.31 ± 0.16)×10?6 m9/4 mol?3/4 s?1 and (2.62 ± 0.09)×10?7 s?1, respectively, at 298 K. An interfacial reaction mechanism was proposed, which revealed that the reaction between the chelated anions and trimeric amine molecules at the interface was rate limiting. The derived rate laws were consistent with the experimental results. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献