Realization of high pressures and temperatures in the gas phase of a bubble liquid flowing through a nozzle

A steady flow of a bubble gas-liquid mixture in a nozzle having a circular cross section has been investigated. The possibility of realization of superhigh temperatures and pressures in the gas phase of the mixture in the region near the smallest cross section of the nozzle has been analyzed. The influence of the initial radius of the flow and the volume content of bubbles, determining the volumetric rate of flow of the liquid supplied to the nozzle, on the pattern of the flow has been considered. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 80, No. 6, pp. 134–137, November–December, 2007.     

On-chip high voltage charge pump in standard low voltage CMOS process

An on-chip high voltage tolerant 4VDD charge pump with symmetrical architecture in a standard low voltage 1.8 V 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process is presented. For a 250 k/spl Omega/ load, circuit efficiency of the charge pump is approximately 71%. All the MOS transistors satisfy typical voltage stress related reliability requirements for standard low voltage CMOS devices.     

Removing cesium radionuclides from sodium-potassium coolant

Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 66, No. 1., pp. 22–24, January, 1989.     

Method of monitoring the shape of an atomic force (tunneling) microscope tip using backscattering spectrometry

A method is proposed to monitor the shape of an atomic force microscope tip, which can combine the operations of ion etching and shape monitoring, by using the intensity of the backscattering of ions from the same or a different beam to monitor the shape. Relationships have been obtained to monitor the shape of the probe using the measured dependence of the backscattering intensity on the parameters of the incident beam. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 88–92 (June 12, 1997)     

Temperature effect on the formation of a relief of diamond-like carbon coatings and its modification by ion bombardment

Diamond-like coatings (DLCs) have been obtained on a UVNIIPA-001 unit employing the method of pulse arc sputtering of a graphite target. DLCs of about 1.5 μm thick were applied onto substrates of the R6M5 steel. The relief of the coatings that were deposited using different temperature regimes has been studied. It has been established that a temperature rise of the surface of a growing DLC (condensation at a high frequency of arc pulses f) leads to the growth of films with numerous protrusions on their surface. The deposition of films at a low frequency f is more preferable to form smooth and hard DLCs under the conditions of unfiltered beam of carbon ions. The modification of the surface of diamond-like carbon coatings after their application has been investigated upon bombardment with accelerated ions of inert gas (argon) or chemically active oxygen. It has been established that the argon-ion bombardment is more preferable to smooth out the DLC relief. It has been shown that the relief of DLCs must be taken into account when measuring their microhardness, whereas the transformation of interatomic bonds in the near-surface layers after ion irradiation should be taken into consideration when analyzing the coatings by the methods whose informative depth is several monolayers.     

One-dimensional inverse thermoelasticity problems

The unique solvability of two one-dimensional inverse problems on determining the coefficients of thermoelasticity equations is established; the solution algorithm for these problems is indicated and numerical calculations are given.State Pedagogical Institute, Gynadzha. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 98–104, July, 1993.