赋予水刺材料以装饰性→增值+高效

对水刺非织造材料厂商而言,在试图为全球市场提供服务的时候,正面临着在世界范围普遍存在的问题,即高企的原材料成本,尤其是基于石油供应的纤维原材料的成本,以及供需方之间的货运费用.为使购买者愿意消化吸收因远距离的运输而产生的成本,那么提高产品的价值和收益就显得非常必要.为此,赋予水刺材料一定的装饰性就是很好的选择.     

Aminoacylation of Phaseolus vulgaris cytoplasmic, chloroplastic and mitochondrial tRNAsPro and tRNAsLys by homologous and heterologous enzymes

Gamekeeper's thumb is due to complete rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament; it should be clinically differentiated from incomplete rupture. Methods of diagnosis and treatment of gamekeeper's thumb are described. The results in 10 cases of gamekeeper's thumb treated by surgery, with more than a one-year follow-up are evaluated.     

Comparative studies of a real-time PCR method and three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of central nervous system tissues in meat products

The removal of certain central nervous system (CNS) tissues (part of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy risk material) from the food chain is one of the highest priority tasks associated with avoiding contamination of the human food chain with the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. A recently developed real-time PCR assay and three commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of CNS tissues in minced meat and three types of heat-treated sausages were evaluated. Bovine brain was used for spiking of internal reference material, and its detectability was examined during storage times of 12 months (for frozen minced meat and liver sausage) and 24 months (for sausages treated with medium and high heat). The real-time PCR method and both ELISA kits detected 0.1% CNS tissue in frozen minced meat and 0.1 or 1% CNS tissue in heat-treated meat products. The detectability of the amplified mRNA target region with the PCR assay was similar to the detectability of antigen by the ELISAs. Because the real-time PCR method also can be used to distinguish cattle, ovine, and caprine CNS tissues from porcine CNS tissues, it seems to be suitable as a routine diagnostic test for the sensitive and specific detection of CNS tissues in meat and meat products.     

Sensitivity analysis in bayesian classification models: multiplicative deviations

The sensitivity of Bayesian pattern recognition models to multiplicative deviations in the prior and conditional probabilities is investigated for the two-class case. Explicit formulas are obtained for the factor K by which the computed posterior probabilities should be divided in order to eliminate the deviation effect. Numerical results for the case of binary features indicate that the Bayesian model tolerates large deviations in the prior and conditional probabilities. In fact, the a priori ratio and the likelihood ratio may deviate within a range of 65-135 percent and still produce posterior probabilities in accurate proximity of at most ±0.10. The main implication is that Bayesian systems which are based on limited data or subjective probabilities are expected to have a high percentage of correct classification despite the fact that the prior and conditional probabilities they use may deviate rather significantly from the true values.     

Effect of loading rate on the fate of mercury in littoral mesocosms

The effects of changes in atmospheric mercury (Hg) deposition on aquatic ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the biogeochemical cycling of Hg in littoral mesocosms receiving different loading rates (7-107 microg Hg m(-2) year(-1)). We added a 202Hg-enriched preparation to differentiate the experimentally added Hg from the ambient Hg in the environment. This approach allowed us to follow the distribution and methylation of the isotopically enriched ("spike") Hg in the mesocosms. Within 3 weeks, spike Hg was distributed throughout the main environmental compartments (water, particles, periphyton, and sediments) and began to be converted to methylmercury (MeHg). Concentrations of spike total Hg and MeHg in these compartments, measured after 8 weeks, were directly proportional to loading rates. Thus, Hg(II) availability was the limiting factor for the major processes of the biogeochemical Hg cycle, including methylation. This is the first study to demonstrate a proportional response of in situ MeHg production to atmospherically relevant loading levels. On the basis of mass balances, we conclude that loading rate had no effect on the relative distribution of spike Hg among the main compartments or on the fraction of spike Hg converted to MeHg. Therefore, loading rate did not change the relative magnitude of biogeochemical pathways competing for Hg within the mesocosms. These data suggest that reductions of Hg deposition to lake surfaces would be equally effective across a broad range of deposition rates.     

Detection of 4-aminocarminic acid in beverages and cake glaze from the German market: a food additive not approved in the EU

In the European Union, carminic acid and its ammonium, calcium, potassium or sodium salts and its aluminium lakes are approved as food additive E120. In beverages obtained from the German market 4-aminocarminic acid (“acid-stable carmine”) was detected by HPLC–PDA and LC–MS/MS. Isolation of the colorant from a liquid dye preparation used for the production of a beverage sample and subsequent NMR analysis confirmed the presence of 4-aminocarminic acid. Synthesis of ¹⁵N-4-aminocarminic acid clearly demonstrated that “acid-stable carmine” is not the ammonium salt of carminic acid, which is approved as food additive in the European Union. In fact, nitrogen in “acid-stable carmine” is covalently bound. The molecular structure of carminic acid is chemically modified and 4-aminocarminic acid does not comply with the specifications laid down for E120 in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. 4-Aminocarminic acid was also detected in the red-colored glaze of a raspberry cake and in the liquid dye preparation used for coloring this glaze.     

Soap-based detergent formulations: X. Nature of detergent deposits

The cumulative deposition of detergent residue on unsoiled cotton and polyester-cotton permanent press finish cloth was determined for a variety of detergent formulations after washing 25 consecutive times in 300 ppm hard water in a laboratory Tergotometer. Included in this study were: a phosphate-built laundry detergent, two carbonate-built detergents, tallow soap and various tallow soap formulations with anionic and amphoteric lime soap dispersing agents, and a glassy sodium silicate. Sample swatches washed with each formulation were analyzed for calcium, magnesium, and organic acid content. Fabric washed with the carbonate detergents showed the highest calcium and magnesium content, while those washed with the phosphate detergent and the soap-lime soap dispersant-builder formulations had the lowest. Fabric washed with soap alone had a much higher fatty acid residue than those washed with the other detergent formulations. However, the amount of organic acids left on the fabric after washing with a soap-lime soap dispersing agent formulation was no greater than that produced by phosphate- and carbonate-built detergents. The presence or absence of deposits also was verified visually with a scanning electron microscope. Each formulation also was tested for detergency by measuring the soil buildup in a multiwash procedure. Generally, the buildup of soil paralleled the deposit of detergent residue on the unsoiled cloths.     

Identification and Optimization of the First Highly Selective GLUT1 Inhibitor BAY‐876

Despite the long‐known fact that the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 is one of the key players safeguarding the increase in glucose consumption of many tumor entities even under conditions of normal oxygen supply (known as the Warburg effect), only few endeavors have been undertaken to find a GLUT1‐selective small‐molecule inhibitor. Because other transporters of the GLUT1 family are involved in crucial processes, these transporters should not be addressed by such an inhibitor. A high‐throughput screen against a library of ～3 million compounds was performed to find a small molecule with this challenging potency and selectivity profile. The N‐(1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)quinoline‐4‐carboxamides were identified as an excellent starting point for further compound optimization. After extensive structure–activity relationship explorations, single‐digit nanomolar inhibitors with a selectivity factor of >100 against GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT4 were obtained. The most promising compound, BAY‐876 [N⁴‐[1‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐5‐methyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐7‐fluoroquinoline‐2,4‐dicarboxamide], showed good metabolic stability in vitro and high oral bioavailability in vivo.     

Biological behavior of some soap-based detergents

The biodegradability of tallow soap, three soap-based detergent formulations and their component lime soap dispersing agents—sodium methyl α-sulfotallowate, sulfated N-(2-hydroxypropyl) tallowamide, and sodium N-methyl N-(2-sulfoethyl) tallowamide—was determined under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. Both sewage and river water microorganisms were used as the sources of inoculum. The course of biodegradation was followed by loss of carbon and methylene blue active substance, and by increase in turbidity and surface tension. Carbon analysis for soap in solutions containing Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺, which would precipitate soap, was performed by an improved technique using the disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Invariably a decrease in carbon content was accompanied by an increase in turbidity and surface tension. Also, loss in methylene blue active substance was concurrent with an increase in turbidity and surface tension of the degrading solutions of the detergent. Soap cannot be determined as methylene blue active substance because of the low pH of the test. Soap and the built soap formulations degraded under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. Preliminary toxicity data upon mammals and fish indicated that the soap-based detergents are as safe as conventional commercial detergents. ARS, USDA.