施工项目管理与贯标工作相融合的探索与实践

由于建筑工程施工的单件性、复杂性，在工程项目实施过程中贯标工作与工程项目管理工作通常不太融合，有时甚至形成“两层皮”现象。因此，针对这一现象，在承建410t／h锅炉工程中，借贯彻2000版ISO9001标准的有力时机，进行了工程项目管理与贯标工作融合性的探索与实践，取得了较好的效果。     

混凝沉淀-ABR-SBR法对造纸废水的处理

对草浆造纸混合废水,分别进行了混凝厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）、序批式反应器（SBR）过程的运行及组合工艺处理的研究,结果表明：当混凝沉淀加药量PAM为4mg/L、PAC为30mg/L、ABR的HRT为9h时,废水可生化性由0.25增加到0.43,SBR最佳HRT为8h,分别运行时,COD去除率60%左右;而组合工艺中SBR处理效果明显提高,系统COD去除率达90%以上,出水完全满足国家二级排放标准。     

Mobile phase composition for resolving whey proteins in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was successfully developed for the simultaneous and rapid separation for the main whey proteins, α-Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin. This method consisted of a linear gradient of the two mobile phases of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile. The total run time for this separation was approximately 30 min, and α-Lactalbumin was eluted followed byβ- Lactoglobulin. The injection volume was fixed at 20 μl and the flow rate was 1 ml 1/min. The optimum mobile phase composition and gradient conditions to separate α-Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin (A+B) were experimentally obtained at the 15 μm particle with a pore size of 300 Å on the linear-gradient mode.     

中国煤中硫的分布特征研究

以“中国煤种资源数据库”为基础,结合新采集煤样,对中国不同煤田2237个煤层煤样的硫含量数据进行了统计分析,分不同时代、不同地域和不同煤种讨论了中国煤中硫的分布特征,并总结了煤中硫的分布规律.认为中国煤中硫的含量分布与成煤时代、聚煤地区密切相关.引入“储量权重”概念,按聚煤区储量加权计算,中国煤中平均硫含量为1.02%,该数值比算术平均值(1.40%)更能准确地反映中国煤中硫的含量分布.     

柠檬酸三酯三季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成

采用柠檬酸、环氧氯丙烷和十二烷基二甲基叔胺合成三烷基三季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂。得到较佳工艺条件:n(柠檬酸)∶n(十二烷基二甲基叔胺)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)为1∶3∶3,于85℃下反应12 h,得到产率大于90%的目的产物。测定了产物的cmc为3.3×10-4mol/L。研究了反应条件对目的产物产率的影响。结果表明:随反应温度的升高,产率逐渐增加,当升温到一定程度后,产率略有下降;反应12 h后产率基本不再变;十二烷基二甲基叔胺及环氧氯丙烷与柠檬酸的投料比大于3时,对三烷基三季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂产率的增加影响不大;异丙醇溶剂有利于反应产率的提高,但随着溶剂量的增多,反应产率会下降。     

Effects of Acetic Acid on the Crystallization Temperature of Sol–Gel-Derived MgO Nano-Powders and Thin Films

The influences of acetic acid addition to Mg-methoxide on the stability of the precursor and the crystallization behavior of sol–gel-derived MgO nano-powders and thin films were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The addition of acetic acid enhanced the stability of the alkoxide against precipitation. Moreover, during postheat treatment of the gel powders treated with acetic acid, a significantly lowered crystallization temperature (250°C) was observed as compared to the untreated counterpart (350°C). The low-temperature crystallization of MgO, induced by the modification of Mg-methoxide with acetic acid, was related to the decomposition of organics at a lower temperature. These results could be explained in terms of the decrease of the O–R bond strength depending on the increase in the alkyl group size. MgO thin films having a high degree of crystallinity were successfully obtained from the Mg-methoxide treated with acetic acid at 300°C. The low-temperature crystallization of sol–gel-derived MgO thin films showed the feasibility for their application as a protective layer in alternative current plasma display panel cells.     

EVA／木质素薄膜的制备与性能研究

研究了经造粒、吹塑成膜的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）／木质素共混物的结构、热性能以及力学性能。热重分析表明木质素与EVA共混物的热稳定性比单一组分的高；差示扫描量热分析表明木质素与EVA的相容性好；傅里叶红外光谱分析表明木质素与EVA之间存在分子间氢键相互作用；扫描电子显微分析表明木质素含量对共混物形貌有明显的影响；力学性能测试表明木质素含量在30％（质量分数，下同）以内，共混物薄膜仍具有较好的力学性能，随着木质素含量的增加，共混物力学性能降低。     

离子液介质中生物催化与生物转化的研究进展

Ionic liquids have negligibly low vapor pressure, high stability and polarity. They are regarded as green solvents. Enzymes, especially lipases, as well as whole-cell of microbe, are catalytically active in ionic liquids or aqueous-ionic liquid biphasic systems. Up to date, there have been many reports on enzyme-exhibited features and enzyme-mediated reactions in ionic liquids. In many cases, remarkable results with respect to yield, catalytic activity, stability and (enantio-, regio-) selectivity were obtained in ionic liquids in comparison with those observed in conventional media. Accordingly, ionic liquids provide new possibilities for the application of new type of solvent in biocatalytic reactions.     

有机玻璃的增韧研究

研究了不同聚合方法制备的聚丙烯酸丁酯（PBA）对浇铸型有机玻璃（PMMA）的增韧改性，研究结果表明，当PBA以纳米粒子簇分散在PMMA基体中时，对PMMA有较好的增韧改性效果。当PMMA中无皂乳液聚合PBA（e-PBA)的质量分数为0.5%时。改性PMMA的冲击强度比基体提高38%。SEM观察表明，本体聚合PBA（b-PBA)橡胶粒子以独特的纳米簇状结构均匀分布在PMMA基体中，大量的微裂纹以b-PBA粒子为中心呈放射状向外辐射，这些微裂纹在试样破坏的过程中吸收了大量的冲击能，使改性PMMA韧性得以提高。     

原位乳液聚合制备聚苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料

采用原位乳液聚合制备了聚苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶(SBR)/凹凸棒石(AT)纳米复合材料。凹凸棒石的存在一定程度上降低了乳液聚合速率,但对最终聚合产物的分子质量及分子质量分布影响不大。凹凸棒石以长0.5～5μm、直径为20～50nm的棒状纤维均匀的分散在SBR基体中。在硫化过程中,凹凸棒石纤维与橡胶形成互穿网络结构,增加了橡胶的交联密度。随着凹凸棒石的填充量增加,纳米复合材料的300%定伸应力和拉伸强度与纯SBR相比均提高了20%～100%,其补强效果明显高于等量的炭黑N330,还表现出良好的耐磨性能。