全文获取类型
收费全文 | 279083篇 |
免费 | 3089篇 |
国内免费 | 1307篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 4813篇 |
综合类 | 519篇 |
化学工业 | 40537篇 |
金属工艺 | 11133篇 |
机械仪表 | 8433篇 |
建筑科学 | 6447篇 |
矿业工程 | 1575篇 |
能源动力 | 7011篇 |
轻工业 | 22574篇 |
水利工程 | 3043篇 |
石油天然气 | 5789篇 |
武器工业 | 43篇 |
无线电 | 33564篇 |
一般工业技术 | 56584篇 |
冶金工业 | 50897篇 |
原子能技术 | 7491篇 |
自动化技术 | 23026篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2197篇 |
2019年 | 2095篇 |
2018年 | 3603篇 |
2017年 | 3701篇 |
2016年 | 3939篇 |
2015年 | 2524篇 |
2014年 | 4398篇 |
2013年 | 12040篇 |
2012年 | 7141篇 |
2011年 | 9790篇 |
2010年 | 7588篇 |
2009年 | 8797篇 |
2008年 | 9150篇 |
2007年 | 9187篇 |
2006年 | 7833篇 |
2005年 | 7280篇 |
2004年 | 7218篇 |
2003年 | 6995篇 |
2002年 | 6726篇 |
2001年 | 6849篇 |
2000年 | 6486篇 |
1999年 | 6767篇 |
1998年 | 16304篇 |
1997年 | 11592篇 |
1996年 | 8917篇 |
1995年 | 6844篇 |
1994年 | 6013篇 |
1993年 | 6051篇 |
1992年 | 4397篇 |
1991年 | 4181篇 |
1990年 | 4075篇 |
1989年 | 4057篇 |
1988年 | 3750篇 |
1987年 | 3387篇 |
1986年 | 3392篇 |
1985年 | 3743篇 |
1984年 | 3460篇 |
1983年 | 3220篇 |
1982年 | 3024篇 |
1981年 | 3039篇 |
1980年 | 3031篇 |
1979年 | 2829篇 |
1978年 | 2869篇 |
1977年 | 3141篇 |
1976年 | 4098篇 |
1975年 | 2416篇 |
1974年 | 2379篇 |
1973年 | 2396篇 |
1972年 | 2018篇 |
1971年 | 1781篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Why does it pay to be selfish in a MANET? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Younghwan Yoo Dharma P. Agrawal 《Wireless Communications, IEEE》2006,13(6):87-97
Routing protocols for a mobile ad hoc network have assumed that all mobile nodes voluntarily participate in forwarding others' packets. This was a reasonable assumption because all MNs in a MANET belonged to a single authority. In the near future, however, a MANET may consist of MNs that belong to many different organizations since numerous civilian applications are expected to crop up. In this situation, some MNs may run independently and purposely decide not to forward packets so as to save their own energy. This could potentially lead to network partitioning and corresponding performance degradation. To minimize such situations in MANETs, many studies have explored the use of both the carrot and the stick approaches by having reputation-based, credit-payment, and game theory schemes. This article summarizes existing schemes, identifies their relative advantages, and projects future directions 相似文献
22.
S. P. Skobelev 《Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics》2006,51(7):748-758
A recent approach to solution of 2D scattering problems for electromagnetic waves scattered by thin screens is analyzed. With the use of examples of scattering by a strip and an unclosed cylindrical surface, it is shown that the proposed approach has no advantages in terms of the efficiency of numerical solution over a well-known approach based on exact integral equations for currents that have singular kernels and that are solved with the Krylov-Bogoliubov method. 相似文献
23.
Yu. V. Baldokhin V. V. Vavilova P. Ya. Kolotyrkin Yu. K. Kovneristyi N. A. Palii A. S. Solomatin 《Inorganic Materials》2003,39(6):562-567
Mössbauer effect measurements and physicochemical analysis demonstrate that annealing of amorphous Fe–P–Mn alloys leads to the formation of a nanocrystalline structure. 相似文献
24.
Mantooth B.A. Weiss P.S. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》2003,91(11):1785-1802
One of the ultimate miniaturizations in nanotechnology is molecular electronics, where devices will consist of individual molecules. There are many complications associated with the use of molecules in electronic devices, such as the electronic perturbations in the molecule associated with being bonded to an electrode, how electrons traverse the metal-molecule junction, and the difficulty of macroscopically addressing single to very few molecules. Whether fabricating a test structure or a usable device, the use of self-assembly is fundamental to the fabrication of molecular electronic devices. We will discuss how to fabricate self-assembled monolayers into test assemblies and how to use intermolecular interactions to direct molecules into desired positions to create nanostructures and to connect functional molecules to the outside world. These assemblies serve as test structures for measurements on single or bundled molecules. The development of several experimental techniques, including various scanning probes, mercury drop junctions, break junctions, nanopores, crossed wires, and other techniques using nanoparticles have enabled the ability to test these structures and make reproducible measurements on single molecules. Many of these methods have been developed to test molecules with potential for integration into devices such as oligo (phenylene-ethynylene) molecules and other /spl pi/-conjugated molecules, in ensemble or single-molecule measurements. 相似文献
25.
H. L. Du S. R. Rose Z. D. Xiang P. K. Datta X. Y. Li 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2003,34(4):421-426
The oxidation/sulphidation behaviour of a Ti‐46.7Al‐1.9W‐0.5Si alloy with a TiAl3 diffusion coating was studied in an environment of H2/H2S/H2O at 850oC. The kinetic results demonstrate that the TiAl3 coating significantly increased the high temperature corrosion resistance of Ti‐46.7Al‐1.9W‐0.5Si. The SEM, EDX, XRD and TEM analysis reveals that the formation of an Al2O3 scale on the surface of the TiAl3‐coated sample was responsible for the enhancement of the corroison resistance. The Ti‐46.7Al‐1.9W‐0.5Si alloy was also modified by Nb ion implantation. The Nb ion implanted and as received sampels were subjected to cyclic oxidation in an open air at 800oC. The Nb ion implantation not only increased the oxidation resistance but also substantially improved the adhesion of scale to the substrate. 相似文献
26.
N. P. Mandal S. C. Agarwal 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2003,14(10-12):797-798
Exposure to ammonia (NH3) increases the dark current (DC) in nanocrystalline silicon. Light soaking (LS) for short periods also enhances the dark current, which remains at a high value for a long time. Pumping alone is unable to restore the initial annealed state, but annealing brings it back. The final state obtained by LS and NH3 exposure depends on the order in which they are performed. Evaporated selenium (Se) deposited on nanocrystalline silicon decreases the DC. These effects cannot be explained entirely by the presence of a-Si : H alone, in our sample. DC and photoluminescence (PL) measurements indicate the presence of two types of center in our sample, which behave differently when exposed to NH3. 相似文献
27.
By exploiting a general cyclostationary (CS) statistics-based framework, this letter develops a rigorous and unified asymptotic (large sample) performance analysis setup for a class of blind feedforward timing epoch estimators for linear modulations transmitted through time nonselective flat-fading channels. Within the proposed CS framework, it is shown that several estimators proposed in the literature can be asymptotically interpreted as maximum likelihood (ML) estimators applied on a (sub)set of the second- (and/or higher) order statistics of the received signal. The asymptotic variance of these ML estimators is established in closed-form expression and compared with the modified Crame/spl acute/r-Rao bound. It is shown that the timing estimator proposed by Oerder and Meyr achieves asymptotically the best performance in the class of estimators which exploit all the second-order statistics of the received signal, and its performance is insensitive to oversampling rates P as long as P/spl ges/3. Further, an asymptotically best consistent estimator, which achieves the lowest asymptotic variance among all the possible estimators that can be derived by exploiting jointly the second- and fourth-order statistics of the received signal, is also proposed. 相似文献
28.
The effects of parameter uncertainty on optimal policy have been a matter of interest for academics, and even for some policymakers,
for a long time. Two lines of literature have developed analytical results on this matter. The first line uses static models
and the second dynamic models. In this dynamic line most of the results are confined to models with a single state and a single
control variable.
In this paper we want to encourage the analysis of more general dynamic cases. To do so, the results in the dynamic line are
extended from one-state and one-control finite horizon models to models with a pair of control variables. We then discuss
some of the hurdles which must be surmounted for the results to be made more general and suggests some lines for further research.
JEL classification: C61; E61 相似文献
29.
This article, the first of three articles on the synthesis of rice processing plants, focuses on the development of simplified mathematical models necessary for use in optimizing rice processing plants. The second concentrates on the optimal synthesis of a rice plant and the third on the sensitivity of the optimization to uncertainty in model parameters. Existing models for rice processing unit operations are not suitable for flowsheet optimization and new models need to be developed to overcome numerical difficulties that occur in optimization applications, specifically in mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) applications. Simplified models of the drying, cooling, and tempering units are developed. In addition head rice yield models, used as a quality indicator, energy consumption, and economic models were also developed. Naturally, the new models exhibit some mismatch with respect to the existing models from which they were developed. However, a sensitivity analysis, presented in Part III, has shown that the optimal flowsheet structure was not sensitive to a lack of fit between the simplified and complex models. The simplified models were found adequate to be appropriate for use at the synthesis stage. 相似文献
30.
The paper presents an improved statistical analysis of the least mean fourth (LMF) adaptive algorithm behavior for a stationary Gaussian input. The analysis improves previous results in that higher order moments of the weight error vector are not neglected and that it is not restricted to a specific noise distribution. The analysis is based on the independence theory and assumes reasonably slow learning and a large number of adaptive filter coefficients. A new analytical model is derived, which is able to predict the algorithm behavior accurately, both during transient and in steady-state, for small step sizes and long impulse responses. The new model is valid for any zero-mean symmetric noise density function and for any signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Computer simulations illustrate the accuracy of the new model in predicting the algorithm behavior in several different situations. 相似文献