全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1333篇 |
免费 | 85篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 14篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
化学工业 | 242篇 |
金属工艺 | 9篇 |
机械仪表 | 10篇 |
建筑科学 | 59篇 |
矿业工程 | 3篇 |
能源动力 | 57篇 |
轻工业 | 269篇 |
水利工程 | 16篇 |
石油天然气 | 4篇 |
无线电 | 138篇 |
一般工业技术 | 139篇 |
冶金工业 | 34篇 |
原子能技术 | 1篇 |
自动化技术 | 425篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 27篇 |
2021年 | 53篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 44篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 44篇 |
2014年 | 77篇 |
2013年 | 106篇 |
2012年 | 100篇 |
2011年 | 103篇 |
2010年 | 88篇 |
2009年 | 96篇 |
2008年 | 98篇 |
2007年 | 97篇 |
2006年 | 76篇 |
2005年 | 47篇 |
2004年 | 44篇 |
2003年 | 30篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1421条查询结果,搜索用时 158 毫秒
991.
Theanne Schiros Stefan Mannsfeld Chien‐yang Chiu Kevin G. Yager James Ciston Alon A. Gorodetsky Matteo Palma Zac Bullard Theodore Kramer Dean Delongchamp Daniel Fischer Ioannis Kymissis Michael F. Toney Colin Nuckolls 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(6):1167-1173
This paper shows how the self‐assembled interlocking of two nanostructured materials can lead to increased photovoltaic performance. A detailed picture of the reticulated 6‐DBTTC/C60 organic photovoltaic (OPV) heterojunction, which produces devices approaching the theoretical maximum for these materials, is presented from near edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Grazing Incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The complementary suite of techniques shows how self‐assembly can be exploited to engineer the interface and morphology between the cables of donor (6‐DBTTC) material and a polycrystalline acceptor (C60) to create an interpenetrating network of pure phases expected to be optimal for OPV device design. Moreover, we find that there is also a structural and electronic interaction between the two materials at the molecular interface. The data show how molecular self‐assembly can facilitate 3‐D nanostructured photovoltaic cells that are made with the simplicity and control of bilayer device fabrication. The significant improvement in photovoltaic performance of the reticulated heterojunction over the flat analog highlights the potential of these strategies to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells. 相似文献
992.
Ioannis K. Chatjigeorgiou 《Journal of Engineering Mathematics》2013,81(1):47-65
This study investigates the linear hydrodynamic scattering problem by stationary prolate spheroidal bodies and aims at providing an analytic solution for the associated boundary value problem. It extends the work of the present author on the hydrodynamics of oblate spheroidal bodies following the same procedure. The structural model under consideration is a spheroid with its polar axis greater than its equatorial diameter, subjected to the action of monochromatic incident waves. The polar axis is assumed to be perpendicular to the free surface that leads to the axisymmetric case concept. The analytic solution is sought using the method of multipole expansions constructed by employing Thorne’s formulas (Multipole expansions in the theory of surface waves. Proc Cam Philos Soc 49:707–716, 1953) that describe the velocity potential at singular points within a fluid domain with free upper surface and infinite water depth. The final stage of the solution process is the application of the zero velocity condition on the wetted surface of the spheroid. Inevitably this task requires the transformation of the involved velocity potentials, originally expressed with respect to spherical and polar coordinates, into prolate spheroidal coordinates. To this end, the appropriate addition theorems are derived, which recast Thorne’s expressions into infinite series of associated Legendre functions. 相似文献
993.
Ioannis C. Kampolis 《工程优选》2013,45(11):1037-1049
A distributed evolutionary algorithm is presented that is based on a hierarchy of (fitness or cost function) evaluation passes within each deme and is efficient in solving engineering optimization problems. Starting with non-problem-specific evaluations (using surrogate models or metamodels, trained on previously evaluated individuals) and ending up with high-fidelity problem-specific evaluations, intermediate passes rely on other available lower-fidelity problem-specific evaluations with lower CPU cost per evaluation. The sequential use of evaluation models or metamodels, of different computational cost and modelling accuracy, by screening the generation members to get rid of non-promising individuals, leads to reduced overall computational cost. The distributed scheme is based on loosely coupled demes that exchange regularly their best-so-far individuals. Emphasis is put on the optimal way of coupling distributed and hierarchical search methods. The proposed method is tested on mathematical and compressor cascade airfoil design problems. 相似文献
994.
The important practical problem of planning the production of large assemblies employing an MRP-based system is considered. The objective is to produce products on-time, with minimal cycle time and low work-in-process costs. The approach is based on the determination of accurate lead-time estimates and on the introduction and use of lead-time offsets in the solution methodology. An effective Lead-time Evaluation and Scheduling Algorithm (LETSA) is employed that can perform detailed backward scheduling of operations belonging to a large assembly on a given facility with an objective of minimizing the cycle time. A scaling procedure is used to account for capacity sharing effects by multiple products in a common facility. These scaled lead-time estimates are then employed by an MRP-based system to release work-orders on the shop-floor. The effectiveness of these lead-times and lead-time offsets are evaluated by simulating production using the MRP generated order release times and verifying on-time completion of the multiple assemblies in the common facility. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the performance of the approach. Optimized batch sizes for minimal work-in-process (WIP) costs can also be obtained using LETSA. Thus, the important objectives of minimizing cycle time for on-time delivery and minimizing schedule costs can be accomplished simultaneously. 相似文献
995.
The implementation method for the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) generic models of Type 1 wind turbine generator(WTG) in DIgSILENT PowerFactory is presented.The following items are described,i.e.model structure,model blocks and how to implement these blocks in the PowerFactory environment.Case studies under both normal and fault conditions are done with the implemented IEC generic models of Type 1 WTG,and dynamic responses are captured and analyzed.The case study results show that the IEC generic models of Type 1 WTG can correctly represent the performances of Type 1 WTG under both normal and fault conditions. 相似文献
996.
Effects of two natural (retinol and retinoic acid, RA) and one synthetic N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) retinoids on proliferation and expression of urokinase-plasminogen activator (u-PA) by bovine mammary epithelial cells were examined. The BME-UV1 established bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used as a model system. All retinoids tested (retinol, RA and 4-HPR) were effective inhibitors of cell proliferation. When cells were cultured in the absence of fetal bovine calf serum (FBCS), inhibition occurred at concentrations as low as 1 nM for all retinoids tested. The effect of retinoids on cell proliferation was not dose-related when cells were cultured in the absence of FBCS. All retinoids (retinol, RA, 4-HPR), when used in the range 1 nM-10 microM (noncytotoxic concentrations), were equally effective and had identical inhibition patterns. Inhibition of cell proliferation by RA was apparent by 6 h and was higher after 24 h in culture. In contrast, when cells were cultured in the presence of FBCS, the effect of RA and retinol on cell proliferation was dose-related. RA and retinol inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.01) when added to the culture medium in concentrations as low as 10 nM and 100 nM, respectively. 4-HPR was inhibitory (P<0.01) in concentrations as low as 1 nM. Higher concentrations of 4-HPR in the range 1 nM-1 microM had no further effect on cell proliferation. None of the retinoids tested, when added to cultures in the presence or absence of FBCS, could completely arrest cell proliferation at noncytotoxic concentrations. RA at 1 microM inhibited (P<0.05) insulin or IGF-I-induced cell proliferation but had no effect (P>0.05) on u-PA mRNA levels or u-PA activity. Furthermore, RA inhibited cell proliferation in the presence of FBCS but had no effect (P>0.05) on u-PA mRNA levels. Thus, retinoids are effective inhibitors of bovine mammary epithelial cell proliferation and this growth inhibition does not seem to correlate with any changes in u-PA mRNA or u-PA activity. 相似文献
997.
Arnaud Cacucci Ioannis Tsiaoussis Valérie Potin Luc Imhoff Nicolas Martin Tomas Nyberg 《Acta Materialia》2013,61(11):4215-4225
Multilayered structures with 14–50 nm periods composed of titanium and two different titanium oxides, TiO and TiO2, were accurately produced by DC magnetron sputtering using the reactive gas pulsing process. The structure and composition of these periodic TiO2/TiO/Ti stacks were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy techniques. Two crystalline phases, hexagonal close packed Ti and face centred cubic TiO, were identified in the metallic-rich sub-layers, whereas the oxygen-rich ones comprised a mixture of amorphous TiO2 and rutile phase. DC electrical resistivity ρ measured for temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 K exhibited a metallic-like behaviour (ρ473K = 1.05 × 10?5 to 1.45 × 10?6 Ω m) with a temperature coefficient of resistance ranging from 1.20 × 10?3 K?1 for the highest period (Λ = 50.0 nm) down to negative values close to ?4.97 × 10?4 K?1 for the smallest one (Λ = 14.0 nm). A relationship between the dimensions of periodic layers and their collective electrical resistivity is proposed where the resistivity does not solely depend on the total thickness of the film, but also depends on the chemical composition and thickness of each sub-layer. Charge carrier mobility and concentration measured by the Hall effect were both influenced by the dimension of TiO2/TiO/Ti periods and the density of ionized scattering centres connected to the titanium concentration in the metallic sub-layers. 相似文献
998.
999.
Shaarawi AM Besieris IM Said TM 《Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision》2003,20(8):1658-1665
It is shown that highly focused pulses can be shaped by exciting a finite aperture with a spread-out pulse train of X waves. The basis of the proposed scheme is that the peaks of X waves, characterized by different apex angles, travel at different velocities. This property allows one to vary the temporal starting points of the initial excitations of a sequence of X waves so that all their peaks meet at a chosen focusing point. It is demonstrated that this simple criterion can be effective in producing a highly focused, composite X-wave pulse that exhibits a slower decay behavior than the individual X-wave components used in synthesizing it. 相似文献
1000.
Energy-Aware Broadcast Trees in Wireless Networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we address the problem of broadcasting in wireless networks, so that the power consumed by any node is as small as possible. This approach is motivated by the fact that nodes in such networks often use batteries and, hence, it is important to conserve energy individually, so that they remain operational for a long time. We formulate the problem as a lexicographic node power optimization one. The problem is in general NP-complete. We provide an optimal algorithm which runs in polynomial time in certain cases. We also provide a heuristic algorithm whose performance relative to the optimal one is fairly satisfactory. We next show that these algorithms can also be used to solve the problem of broadcasting so that the residual energy of any node after the broadcast process is as large as possible. Finally, we discuss the issues of implementing the above algorithms distributively, as well as their multicast extensions. 相似文献