做好外包不容易

外包并不新鲜,我们已做了几十年。唯一与以往不同的是：我们现在购买的软件,来白全世界不同地区的公司,他们各自拥有不同的企业文化,使用不同的语言。     

Influence of Cu2O and CuAlO2 Interphases on Crack Propagation at Cu/α-Al2O3 Interfaces

In-situ crack-propagation experiments, in conjunction with thermochemical experiments, have been used to examine the role of discontinuous interphases on the fracture behavior of solid-state diffusion-bonded Cu/α-Al₂O₃ couples. Clean, interphase-free interfaces exhibit crack extension by brittle decohesion at the crack tip at an initiation fracture energy of 125 J/m². Crack propagation is characterized by an increase in the fracture energy with increases in the crack length ( R -curve behavior). When interfacial chemical reaction products are present, the crack growth is altered, depending on the characteristics of the interphase. The presence of Cu₂O needles results in preferential debonding along the Cu₂O/Al₂O₃ interface. On the other hand, finer CuAlo₂ needles visibly impede crack propagation and result in a higher interface initiation fracture energy (}190 J/m²) than that of the interphase-free interface. The effects of the Cu₂O and CuAlo₂ phases on the fracture energy are discussed.     

A note on longest processing time algorithms for the two uniform parallel machine makespan minimization problem

This note considers the longest processing time heuristic for scheduling n independent jobs on two uniform parallel machines to minimize the makespan. A posterior worst-case performance ratio, by depending on the index of the latest job inserted in the machine where the makespan takes place, is developed for this heuristic, and some examples demonstrate that the ratio is tight.     

Mission improbable: Does petroleum-related aid address the resource curse?

Petroleum-related aid programmes and projects are a key part of donor activities in oil-rich developing countries. This paper critically assesses petroleum-related aid activities, using the Norwegian Oil for Development programme as a main case. Recent research suggests that institutions, or governance, are essential in averting a resource curse. While governance issues are beginning to receive more attention in these types of programmes, they still form a minor part of programme activities. The narrow sector focus that characterizes petroleum-related aid makes it unlikely that it will produce the higher order institutional changes needed to lift the resource curse. Petroleum-related aid activities address the issue of corruption only to a limited extent. Given the commercial and political interests of donor countries, questions about the integrity and credibility of these types of programmes can be raised.     

Fundamentals of the finite element method

The present paper gives a brief review of the finite element method. After a historical review, the organization of the finite element analysis in two steps, an element analysis and a system analysis, is described for a simple frame problem.The generalization of this idea to two-and three-dimensional problems is explained and the application of simple types of elements is discussed. The extension to more complex elements is outlined, and finally the capability of the method in solving non-linear and dynamic problems is sketched.     

Oxidation of methane on a Au + SrFeO3−δ//YSZ electrode characterised by mass spectroscopy and 18O2 pulses

A solid state electrochemical reactor is described in which reactants can be oxidised at high temperatures over an anode/catalyst using co-fed oxygen gas as well as electrochemically supplied oxygen. The setup permits injection of isotopic pulses in the reactant streams. The composition and isotopic distribution in the products are recorded with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The use of the system is exemplified by oxidation of methane over a Au + SrFeO_3?δ//YSZ anode at 800–850°C. Pulses of ¹⁸O₂ in the stream of co-fed O₂ were used to study the reactivity and products of gaseous oxygen as distinguished from the electrochemically supplied oxygen. The results indicate that the anode used supports oxygen pumping, but is only moderately active for methane oxidation. The products are mainly CO and CO₂. The content of ¹⁸O in the products is low, indicating that methane oxidation takes place by ¹⁶O-rich lattice oxygen. In comparison, a reference Au//YSZ electrode was found to be a slower anode for oxygen pumping, but a better catalyst for the reaction between CH₄ and gaseous O₂, seemingly involving adsorbed oxygen.     

Stimulus overselectivity in autism: A review of research.

Reviews a series of investigations that suggest that autistic children show "stimulus overselectivity," a response to only a limited number of cues in their environment, and discusses how such overselectivity may relate to several of the behavioral deficits in autism. These include failure to develop normal language or social behavior, failure to generalize newly acquired behavior to new stimulus situations, failure to learn from traditional teaching techniques that use prompts, and a general difficulty in learning new behaviors. Several studies that suggest possible remedial procedures are discussed, and the concept of stimulus overselectivity is related to the literature on attentional or response deficits in adult schizophrenia, mental retardation, learning disabilities, and autism. (2? p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sweden: Small but Foreboding Changes

Politically speaking, the most striking feature of the planned reorganization of Swedish broadcasting is a further decentralization and localization of production.     

The Role of Water in Protection Against Thermal Deterioration of Liquid Margarine

The thermal stability of liquid margarine and vegetable oils was investigated by measuring the oxidative stability index (OSI) at temperatures ranging from 90 to 180 °C, whereas total polar compounds (TPC) and tocopherols (vitamin E) were measured during heating at 180 °C in frying trays. Results showed that the OSI of liquid margarine was in the same range as the OSI of vegetable oils at lower temperatures, but at 160 and 180 °C, liquid margarine had significantly higher thermal stability, close to that observed for hard margarine and butter. The increased stability was confirmed by lower levels of TPC and a smaller relative reduction in vitamin E content during heating. Variations between different vegetable oils could partly be explained by differences in degree of saturation and level of vitamin E, with high oleic sunflower oil being the most stable oil at all temperatures. The water in liquid margarine vaporized within 1.5 min at 160 °C, and it is hypothesized that volatile pro‐oxidants are removed with the water, inducing a delay in deterioration. The results indicate a role for water in preventing lipid oxidation and decomposition in fat emulsion products at 160–180 °C, suggesting that liquid margarine, low in saturated fat, may be the healthier and preferable alternative for pan‐frying compared to other liquid vegetable oils.