From the Editors.

We could not imagine a more appropriate inauguration of the Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts (PACA) going to four issues per year than with a special issue honoring the life and work of the great aesthetician and psychologist, Rudolf Arnheim. PACA is off to a great start. With this move to four issues per year, we are restarting our numbering system, so this special issue is Volume 1, Issue 1. As you read the articles in this issue, we hope that you enjoy reflecting on how much Rudolf Arnheim has contributed to the field of psychology of aesthetics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emergency department status boards: user-evolved artefacts for inter- and intra-group coordination

Large, easily viewed status boards are commonly used in some healthcare settings such as emergency departments, operating theaters, intensive care units, and inpatient wards. Because these artefacts were developed by front-line users, and have little to no supervisory or regulatory control, they offer valuable insights into the theories of work and hazard held by those users. Although the status boards case were locally developed over many years for within-group coordination, they have also become useful for between-group coordination across organizational boundaries. In this paper, we compare and contrast the use of such status boards in two disparate settings: a US emergency department, and a UK pediatric ward, and note striking similarities in their form and usage, despite the large differences in setting.     

Unicode Steganographic Exploits: Maintaining Enterprise Border Security

Unicode is rapidly becoming the preferred means for representing symbols used in creating multimedia content, especially for information that's presented in multiple languages. This article discusses a unicode vulnerability that makes such content susceptible to being used for creation of covert channel communications. We also developed a solution architecture, the unified secure message augmentation (USMA) service. The USMA service incorporates rules (in an XML vocabulary) that we can apply to unicode transmissions that will detect an attempt to transmit a potential exploit, alert network managers to the presence of the unicode anomaly, and take action to mitigate the exploit.     

Prevalence of weight reducing and weight gaining in adolescent girls and boys.

Surveyed the prevalence of weight reducing and weight gaining in 1,373 high school students. 63% of the girls and 16.2% of the boys reported being on weight-reducing regimens; 9.1% of the girls and 28.4% of the boys were trying to gain weight. Most female reducers and male gainers were already normal weight. Whites and Hispanics were more likely to be reducing, whereas Blacks were more likely to be gaining. Exercise and moderate caloric reduction were most popular for weight reducing, and a small but significant number were regularly using fasting, vomiting, laxatives, and appetite suppressants. The rate of weight reducing in female high school adolescents has increased significantly since similar surveys of American youths 20 yrs ago. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

用单芯片CDC和IDC提高精密度和准确度

传统的高精密电容检测和阻抗检测应用需要将一套收集的分立器件巧妙的组合起来以提供完整的测量解决方案。这种方法不仅在器件选择方面十分耗时，并且由于各个应用之间即使有很小的差异，也需要做大量设计验证、评估、优化和鉴定。     

Central sleep apnea

A central sleep apnea is the absence of respiratory effect, and, thus, the absence of airflow during sleep. Central hypopnea, a related disorder, is also discussed. The sensory component of central sleep apnea; defects involving the integrative and executive neurons; non-neurologic causes of central sleep apneas, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure; diagnosis; treatment; and other topics are reviewed in detail.     

A simple conceptual model for predicting the dissolution of phosphate rock in soils

Laboratory experimental and literature data were integrated to develop a simple, conceptual model to describe and predict the dissolution of a reactive phosphate rock (Gafsa phosphate rock, GPR) in soils. The model showed that initial solution Ca concentration strongly influences the time required for a single application of GPR (at 30 kgP ha^?1) to dissolve. The model predicts that all of the GPR will dissolve within a year of application in an unlimed, acid (pH_w 4.5) loam. However, if the soil has previously been limed to (pH_w 5.8, and contains permanent charge only, the model predicts that only about 50% of the GPR would have dissolved by the end of the second year after application. On the other hand, if a previously limed soil ((pH_w 5.8) contains variable-charge components, the model predicts that virtually all of the GPR would have dissolved in this soil by the end of the second year after application. These results emphasise that, even in the presence of a high proton supply, solution Ca has an overriding influence on the dissolution of GPR. The faster rate of GPR dissolution in the limed soil with variable charge, compared to that in the limed soil with permanent charge only, demonstrates the ability of the variable-charge component of soil to act as a sink for some of the lime-derived Ca. According to the solubility product principle, this allows more GPR to dissolve. Because of the generally stronger buffering of soil for P than for Ca, a relatively large proportion of any P removed by leaching and plant uptake is buffered by the sorbed phase. Consequently, the influence of leaching and plant uptake on GPR dissolution is attributed primarily to the removal of the relatively less-strongly buffered Ca.     

Numerical models of creep and boundary sliding mechanisms in single-phase, dual-phase, and fully lamellar titanium aluminide

Finite element simulations of the high-temperature behavior of single-phase γ, dual-phase α₂+γ, and fully lamellar (FL) α₂+γTiAl intermetallic alloy microstructures have been performed. Nonlinear viscous primary creep deformation is modeled in each phase based on published creep data. Models were also developed that incorporate grain boundary and lath boundary sliding in addition to the dislocation creep flow within each phase. Overall strain rates are compared to gain an understanding of the relative influence each of these localized deformation mechanisms has on the creep strength of the microstructures considered. Facet stress enhancement factors were also determined for the transverse grain facets in each model to examine the relative susceptibility to creep damage. The results indicate that a mechanism for unrestricted sliding of γ lath boundaries theorized by Hazzledine and co-workers leads to unrealistically high strain rates. However, the results also suggest that the greater creep strength observed experimentally for the lamellar microstructure is primarily due to inhibited former grain boundary sliding (GBS) in this microstructure compared to relatively unimpeded GBS in the equiaxed microstructures. The serrated nature of the former grain boundaries generally observed for lamellar TiAl alloys is consistent with this finding.     

Arterial reactivity is enhanced in genetic males taking high dose estrogens

OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess whether high dose estrogen treatment is associated with enhanced arterial reactivity in genetic males. BACKGROUND: Although estrogens have been shown to enhance arterial reactivity in women, and are thereby thought to confer cardiovascular benefit, the vascular effects of long-term estrogen therapy in genetic males is unknown. METHODS: We studied the arterial physiology of 30 genetic males--15 male to female transsexuals receiving long-term high dose estrogen therapy and 15 healthy male control subjects matched for age, smoking history and vessel size. Using external vascular ultrasound, brachial artery diameter was measured at rest, after flow increase (causing endothelium-dependent dilation [EDD]) and after nitroglycerin (GTN), an endothelium-independent dilator. Blood pressure, cholesterol and testosterone levels were also measured in each subject. RESULTS: Total testosterone and free testosterone index levels were lower in the transsexuals compared with the control subjects (p < 0.001). In contrast, EDD was significantly higher in the transsexuals than in the control males (mean [+/-SD] 7.1 +/- 3.1% vs. 3.2 +/- 2.8%, p = 0.001), as was the GTN response (21.2 +/- 6.7% vs. 14.6 +/- 3.3%, p = 0.002). Total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure levels and baseline vessel size were similar in the two groups. On multivariate analysis, enhanced EDD was associated independently with estrogen therapy (p = 0.02) and with low total cholesterol (p = 0.04). An enhanced GTN response was also significantly associated with estrogen therapy (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment with high dose estrogens is associated with enhanced arterial reactivity in genetic males, which may be due to the effects of estrogen excess or androgen deprivation, or both.     

Experimental peri-implant tissue breakdown around hydroxyapatite-coated implants

Factor V Leiden mutation was initially detected in thrombophilic patients and relatives by PCR RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) according to Bertina (1). This technique presents some drawbacks and the current trend is to simplify the diagnosis. We describe a technique of Allele Specific Amplification (ASA) which is optimized in terms of reliability: an additional mismatch in antepenultimate position enables to obtain the same specificity as PCR RFLP. Furthermore, coamplification of internal control warrants an optimal sensitivity. All the PCR have been simplified: the DNA extraction improvement allows to analyse the genotype with only a few microliters of whole blood whatever the anticoagulant and the procedure of preservation (freezing, dried blood spots, storage at +4 degrees C for several days). This technique saves time. Moreover, full automation of the ASA technique may be shortened thanks to the lack of extraction and the positive/negative reading of the PCR signal.