Temperature stabilization of ferrimagnetic resonance field in epitaxial YIG by Ga,La substitution

An impediment to the use of epitaxial YIG (yttrium iron garnet) in microwave devices has been the drift of the ferrimagnetic resonance field with temperature. This drift arises from the temperature sensitivity of the demagnetizing and anisotropy fields. By substituting Ga for some of the Fe and La for some of the Y in liquid phase epitaxial YIG, the demagnetizing and anisotropy field contributions to the drift were made self compensating. Temperature stability was thus achieved in perpendicular resonance. In parallel resonance there was a substantial reduction in drift.     

Cardiac tamponade in Taiwan

We describe two sibs with chorioretinal dystrophy, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, and cerebellar ataxia, Boucher-Neuh?user syndrome, a rare but distinct pleiotropic single gene disorder with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. The cases presented illustrate that this syndrome is still poorly recognised. We provide a review and analysis of previously reported cases and the differential diagnosis, which might aid in the identification of additional cases.     

Double noding technique for mixed mode crack propagation studies

A simple dynamic finite element algorithm for analysing a propagating mixed mode crack tip is presented. A double noding technique, which can be easily incorporated into existing dynamic finite element codes, is used together with a corrected ? integral to extract modes I and II dynamic stress intensity factors of a propagating crack. The utility of the procedure is demonstrated by analysing test problems involving a mode I central crack propagating in a plate subjected to uniaxial tension, a stationary slanted central crack in a plate subjected to uniaxial inpact loading and an extending slanted-edge crack in plate subjected to uniaxial tension.     

Corrosion fatigue crack propagation testing with the KRAK-GAGE® in salt water

The application of a relatively new, thin-film bondable transducer, commercially available under the name KRAK-GAGE®2, was evaluated for corrosion fatigue crack propagation tests in a sea water (3.5%NaCl) environment at ambient temperature on an HY 80 steel. Fatigue crack growth data generated by this method are shown to be consistent with those obtained by the compliance method and the commonly used optical/visual measurements. Thus, this new instrumentation system appears to be a valuable addition for corrosion fatigue crack growth testing. Furthermore, test data acquisition and analysis of the KRAK-GAGE and the compliance method were computer automated, which results in considerable cost savings for such customarily labor intensive fatigue crack propagation experiments. Additionally, the FRAC-TOMAT/KRAK-GAGE instrumentation system can be utilized for direct test machine control, permitting completely automated fatigue crack growth testing.     

Reference model selection and adaptive control for induction motordrives

An adaptive model-following speed controller for induction motor drives is proposed and implemented. This adaptive controller is easy to implement since, for the controlled plant, only the output signal is fed back. In order to choose a reference model with the desired drive dynamic behavior, a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) controller is designed, using a systematic procedure based on the prescribed drive specifications. The reference model of the adaptive system is chosen as the transfer function of the controlled drive system by the 2-DOF controller in the nominal case. An adaptation signal is augmented to let the prescribed specifications be maintained under a wide range of operating conditions     

C + L-band hybrid amplifier using FBGs for dispersion compensation and power equalisation

A serial type, C+L-band hybrid amplifier based on a single pump laser diode is proposed. Dispersion management and gain equalisation among C+L-band channels are realised simultaneously. Pump reflectors and double-pass schemes are used to increase the pump slope efficiency. The power variation is reduced from 6.5 to 0.2 dB among C + L band channels.     

Non‐Magnetic Injectable Implant for Magnetic Field‐Driven Thermochemotherapy and Dual Stimuli‐Responsive Drug Delivery: Transformable Liquid Metal Hybrid Platform for Cancer Theranostics

Transformable liquid metal (LM)‐based materials have attracted considerable research interest in biomedicine. However, the potential biomedical applications of LMs have not yet been fully explored. Herein, for the first trial, the inductive heating property of gallium–indium eutectic alloy (EGaIn) under alterative magnetic field is systematically investigated. By virtue of its inherent metallic nature, LM possesses excellent magnetic heating property as compared to the conventional magnetite nanoparticles, therefore enabling its unique application as non‐magnetic agents in magnetic hyperthermia. Moreover, the extremely high surface tension of LM could be dramatically lowered by a rather facile PEGylation approach, making LM an ideal carrier for other theranostic cargos. By incorporating doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded mesoporous silica (DOX‐MS) within PEGylated LM, a magnetic field‐driven transformable LM hybrid platform capable of pH/AFM dual stimuli‐responsive drug release and magnetic thermochemotherapy are successfully fabricated. The potential application for breast cancer treatment is demonstrated. Furthermore, the large X‐ray attenuation ability of LM endows the hybrid with the promising ability for CT imaging. This work explores a new biomedical use of LM and a promising cancer treatment protocol based on LM hybrid for magnetic hyperthermia combined with dual stimuli‐responsive chemotherapy and CT imaging.     

MONITORING THE HYDROGEN RELEASE FROM COAL LIQUID SOLVENTS USING A HYDROGEN PROBE

A hydrogen probe made of nickel tubing has been used to monitor the release of hydrogen from coal liquid solvents at elevated temperatures and pressures. A knowledge of this release rate is helpful in determining the overall hydrogen balance for coal liquefaction operations, in choosing among alternative solvents and in evaluating the validity of model compounds. The hydrogen release was found for coal liquids to reach a constant value when the reactor temperature was steady. In the case of some model compounds the amount of hydrogen released continued to increase and equilibrium was not attained during a 10 hours measurement period. For the coal liquids the total pressure of the system was found to increase sharply with time indicating the production of gases other than hydrogen, while for the model compounds the total pressure increases were almost parallel to the increases of the hydrogen partial pressure. A correlation was developed for the percentage of hydrogen released with the aromatic fraction distribution in the coal liquids. The hydrogen probe was a valuable instrument for continuously following the hydrogen changes in these dehydrogenation experiments.     

Second row transition metal sulfides for the hydrotreatment of coal-derived naphtha I. Catalyst preparation, characterization and comparison of rate of simultaneous removal of total sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen

Naphtha derived from an Illinois No. 6 coal contains appreciable quantities of sulfur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing compounds. The hydrotreatment of this naphtha has been evaluated over unsupported transition metal sulfide catalysts of the second row in the Periodic Table. The catalysts were prepared by a room temperature precipitation reaction. Surface areas, crystalline phase and particle size distributions were determined by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. A comparison of average particle sizes calculated from these three techniques has enabled the understanding of the morphology of the transition metal sulfides. The catalysts exhibit a so-called volcano plot for the HDS of dibenzothiophene. Similar so-called volcano plots are also exhibited for the simultaneous hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the coal-derived naphtha containing a mixture of heteroatoms. The order of reactivity of the transition metal catalysts is the same for all three of the processes. Ruthenium sulfide (RuS₂) is the most active catalyst for HDS, HDN and HDO of the coal-derived naphtha.     

Synthesis and characterization of new soluble cardo poly(amide-imide)s derived from 2,2-bis[4-(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)phenyl]norbornane

A series of new soluble poly(amide-imide)s were prepared from the diimide-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis[4-(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)phenyl]norbornane, and various diamines by the direct polycondensation in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone containing CaCl_2, using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. All the polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities of 1.01-1.42 dL g⁻¹. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the polymers showed number-average and weight-average molecular weight up to 67,300 and 118,000, respectively. The poly(amide-imide)s were amorphous and were readily soluble in various solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), pyridine, cyclohexanone and tetrahydrofuran. Tough and flexible films were obtained by casting their DMAc solution. The films had tensile strength of 89-110 MPa and a tensile modulus range of 1.8-2.2 GPa. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers were determined by DSC method and they were in the range of 265-295 °C. The polymers were fairly stable up to a temperature around or above 450 °C, and lose 10% weight in the range of 472-504 °C and 490-520 °C in nitrogen and air, respectively.