A data-driven digital-twin prognostics method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell remaining useful life prediction

Prognostics and health management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems have driven increasing research attention in recent years as the durability of PEMFC stack remains as a technical barrier for its large-scale commercialization. To monitor the health state during PEMFC operation, digital twin (DT), as a smart manufacturing technique, is applied in this paper to establish an ensemble remaining useful life prediction system. A data-driven DT is constructed to integrate the physical knowledge of the system and a deep transfer learning model based on stacked denoising autoencoder is used to update the DT with online measurement. A case study with experimental PEMFC degradation data is presented where the proposed data-driven DT prognostics method has applied and reached a high prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the predicted results are proved to be less affected even with limited measurement data.     

Thermodynamic modeling of gas solubility in aqueous sodium chloride solution

An electrolyte Equation of State is presented by combining the Cubic Plus Association Equation of State,Mean Spherical Approximation and the Born equation.This new model uses experimental relative static permittivity,intend to predict well the activity coefficients of individual ions (ACI) and liquid densities of aqueous solutions.This new model is applied to model water + NaCl binary system and water + gas +NaCl ternary systems.The cation/anion-water interaction parameters of are obtained by fitting the exper-imental data of ACI,mean ionic activity coefficients (MIAC) and liquid densities of water + NaCl binary system.The cation/anion-gas interaction parameters are obtained by fitting the experimental data of gas solubilities in aqueous NaCl solutions.The modeling results show that this new model can correlate well with the phase equilibrium and volumetric properties.Without gas,predictions for ACI,MIAC,and liquid densities present relative average deviations of 1.3％,3.6％ and 1.4％ compared to experimental ref-erence values.For most gas-containing systems,predictions for gas solubilities present relative average deviations lower than 7.0％.Further,the contributions of ACI,and salting effects of NaCl on gases are ana-lyzed and discussed.     

Improvement of characteristics and freeze-thaw durability of solidified loess based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Bio-cementation is currently applied to solidify sandy soils, but only few studies use it to cement loess soil particles. In this study, the...     

Electrospun Zn-doped Ga2O3 nanofibers and their application in photodegrading rhodamine B dye

Ultrawide band gap semiconductor materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their great potential in the photocatalytic field. In this study, Zn-doped Ga₂O₃ nanofibers with various concentrations were synthesized via electrospinning; they exhibited a superior photocatalytic degradation performance of rhodamine B dye compared to that of undoped Ga₂O₃ nanofibers. The Zn dopant replaced Ga sites via replacement doping, which could increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies and lead to enhanced photocatalytic properties. When the Zn concentration increased, a Ga₂O₃/ZnGa₂O₄ hybrid structure formed, which could further enhance the photocatalytic performance. The separation of photogenerated carriers due to Zn doping and heterojunctions were the primary causes of the enhanced photocatalytic performance. This study provides experimental data for the fabrication of high-performance photocatalysts based on Ga₂O₃ nanomaterials.     

Strong tribocatalytic dye degradation by tungsten bronze Ba4Nd2Fe2Nb8O30

The triboelectric effect has recently demonstrated its great potential in environmental remediation and even new energy applications for triggering a number of catalytic reactions by utilizing trivial mechanical energy. In this study, Ba₄Nd₂Fe₂Nb₈O₃₀ (BNFN) submicron powders were used to degrade organic dyes via the tribocatalytic effect. Under the frictional excitation of three PTFE stirring rods in a 5 mg/L RhB dye solution, BNFN demonstrates a high tribocatalytic degradation efficiency of 97% in 2 h. Hydroxyl radicals (?OH) and superoxide radicals (?O₂－) were also detected during the catalysis process, which proves that triboelectric energy stimulates BNFN to generate electron-hole pairs. The tribocatalysis of tungsten bronze BNFN submicron powders provides a novel and efficient method for the degradation of wastewater dye by utilizing trivial mechanical energy.     

Effects of non-thermal plasma treating wheat kernel on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles

The effects of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles ( FWN) were investigated. The results showed that NTP effectively decreased the total plate count (TPC), yeast and mould count (YMC) and Bacillus spp. in wheat flour. Wet gluten contents and the stability time reached the maximum when treated for 20 s. The viscosity of starch increased significantly after treatment due to the increased of damaged starch. The contents of secondary structure were altered to some extent, which was because that the ordered network structure of gluten protein broken. Furthermore, compared with the control, texture properties of FWN were enhanced significantly at 20 s, and the darkening rate of FWN was greatly inhibited due to the low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Consequently, the most suitable treatment was 500 W for 20 s, providing a basis for the application of NTP in flour products.     

Enhanced electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 via titanium and boron co-doping

Titanium and boron are simultaneously introduced into LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ to improve the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the material. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that Ti⁴⁺ ion replaces Li⁺ ion and reduces the cation mixing; B³⁺ ion enters the tetrahedron of the transition metal layers and enlarges the distance of the [LiO₆] layers. The co-doped sample has spherical secondary particles with elongated and enlarged primary particles, in which Ti and B elements distribute uniformly. Electrochemical studies reveal the co-doped sample has improved rate performance (183.1 mAh·g^-1 at 1 C and 155.5 mAh·g^-1 at 10 C) and cycle stability (capacity retention of 94.7% after 100 cycles at 1 C). EIS and CV disclose that Ti and B co-doping reduces charge transfer impedance and suppresses phase change of LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O_2.     

多孔SiO2分子巢制备多功能涤纶纤维试验研究

针对传统PET材料不具备抗菌、不耐洗等问题,以煎煮法为基础,以草珊瑚、艾叶和薄荷为原料,制备含植物活性成分的溶液,其具有抗菌、杀菌的作用;以溶胶-凝胶法为多孔材料制备方法,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基苯磺酸钠表面活性剂为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为有机硅源,氨水为催化剂,乙醇和乙醚为助溶剂,在水-乙醇-乙醚体系中合成多孔二氧化硅微球;然后,多孔二氧化硅微球与提取液混合制备含植物活性成分的多孔二氧化硅分子巢;最后以制备的多孔二氧化硅分子巢与普通的聚酯切片用熔融纺丝工艺进行造粒、纺丝,得到具有抗菌、杀菌和耐洗的多功能涤纶纤维.通过SEM微观观察和力学性能测试、抗菌试验、耐洗性测试,对上述制备的多功能涤纶纤维性能进行验证.结果表明:在模板剂总浓度为0.029 mol·L-1、V醇:V醚=20:20、两种表面活性剂比为4:1时,得到的多孔SiO2微球排列规整;当多孔二氧化硅分子巢掺量(质量分数)在0.5％～1％时,通过熔融共混纺丝得到的新型多功能涤纶纤维力学性能表现最优;当多孔二氧化硅分子巢掺量(质量分数)在1％时,得到的新型多功能涤纶纤维的抗菌性能达到87.9％.而二氧化硅分子巢掺量越高,纤维材料越耐洗.以上结果说明本试验制备涤纶纤维的方案可行.     

Nanovaccine-Mediated Cell Selective Delivery of Neoantigens Potentiating Adoptive Dendritic Cell Transfer for Personalized Immunization

Neoantigen vaccines and adoptive dendritic cell (DC) transfer are major clinical approaches to initiate personalized immunity in cancer patients. However, the immunization efficacy is largely limited by the in vivo trajectory including neoantigens’ access to resident DCs and DCs’ access to lymph nodes (LNs). Herein, an innovative strategy is proposed to improve personalized immunization through neoantigen-loaded nanovaccines synergized with adoptive DC transfer. It is found that it enables selective delivery of neoantigens to resident DCs and macrophages by coating cancer cell membranes onto neoantigen-loaded nanoparticles. In addition, the nanovaccines promote the secretion of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, and C-X-C motif ligand 10 from macrophages, thus potentiating the access of transferred DCs to LNs. This immunization strategy enables coordinated delivery of identified neoantigens and autologous tumor lysate-derived undefined antigens, leading to initiation of antitumor T cell immunity in a personalized manner. It significantly inhibits tumor growth in prophylactic and established mouse tumor models. The findings provide a new vision for potentiating adoptive cell transfer by nanovaccines, which may open the door to a transformative possibility for improving personalized immunization.     

Phase and microstructure evolution of Sc2O3–CeO2 –ZrO2ceramics in Na2SO4 + V2O5 molten salts

In this study, the destabilization resistance of Sc₂O₃ and CeO₂ co-stabilized ZrO₂ (SCZ) ceramics was tested in Na₂SO₄ + V₂O₅ molten salts at 750°C–1100 °C. The phase structure and microstructure evolution of the samples during the hot corrosion testing were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that the destabilization of SCZ ceramics at 750 °C was the result of the chemical reaction with V₂O₅ to produce m-ZrO₂ and CeVO₄, and little ScVO₄ was detected in the Sc₂O₃-rich SCZ ceramics. The primary corrosion products at 900 °C and 1100 °C were CeO₂ and m-ZrO₂ due to the mineralization effect. The Sc₂O₃-rich SCZ ceramics exhibited excellent degradation resistance and phase stability owing to the enhanced bond strength and the decreased size misfit between Zr⁴⁺ and Sc³⁺. The destabilization mechanism of SCZ ceramic under hot corrosion was also discussed.