A Single Amino Acid Substitution in MIL1 Leads to Activation of Programmed Cell Death and Defense Responses in Rice

Lesion mimic mutants are an ideal model system for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death and defense responses in rice. In this study, we identified a lesion mimic mutant termed miner infection like 1-1 (mil1-1). The mil1-1 exhibited lesions on the leaves during development, and the chloroplasts of mil1-1 leaves were disrupted. Reactive oxygen species were found to accumulate in mil1-1 leaves. Cell death and DNA fragmentation were observed in mil1-1 leaves, indicating that the cells in the spots of mil1-1 leaves experienced programmed cell death. Most agronomic traits decreased in mil1-1, suggesting that the growth retardation in mil1-1 caused reduced per-plant grain yield. However, the mutation of MIL1 activated the expression of pathogen response genes and enhanced resistance to bacterial blight. The MIL1 gene was cloned using the positional cloning approach. A missense mutation 751 bp downstream of ATG was found in mil1-1. The defects of mil1-1 were able to be rescued by delivering a wild-type MIL1 gene into mil1-1. MIL1 encoded hydroperoxide lyase 3 (OsHPL3), and the expression of OsHPL3 was induced via hormone and abiotic stresses. Our findings provide insights into the roles of MIL1 in regulating programmed cell death, development, yield, and defense responses in rice.     

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Induces Adipogenesis via Control of Cilia in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

During skin aging, the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) and the adipogenesis potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) decrease. It is known that the shortening of cilia length by pro-inflammatory cytokines is related to the decreased adipogenic differentiation of ASCs via increase in Wnt5a/β-catenin. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is known to upregulate heat shock proteins (HSP), which decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we evaluated whether HIFU modulates the cilia of ASCs by upregulating HSP70 and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. HIFU was applied at 0.2 J to rat skin, which was harvested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. All results for HIFU-applied animals were compared with control animals that were not treated. HIFU increased expression of HSP70 and decreased expression of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in sWAT. HIFU decreased the expression of cilia disassembly-related factors (AurA and HDAC9) in ASCs. Furthermore, HIFU increased the expression of cilia assembly-related factors (KIF3A and IFT88), decreased that of WNT5A/β-catenin, and increased that of the adipogenesis markers PPARγ and CEBPα in sWAT. HIFU increased the number of adipocytes in the sWAT and the thickness of sWAT. In conclusion, HIFU could selectively increase sWAT levels by modulating the cilia of ASCs and be used for skin rejuvenation.     

Property and Stability of Astaxanthin Emulsion Based on Pickering Emulsion Templating with Zein and Sodium Alginate as Stabilizer

Astaxanthin loaded Pickering emulsion with zein/sodium alginate (SA) as a stabilizer (named as APEs) was developed, and its structure and stability were characterized. The encapsulation efficiency of astaxanthin (Asta) in APEs was up to 86.7 ± 3.8%, with a mean particle size of 4.763 μm. Freeze-dried APEs showed particles stacked together under scanning electronic microscope; whereas dispersed spherical nanoparticles were observed in APEs dilution under transmission electron microscope images. Confocal laser scanning microscope images indicated that zein particles loaded with Asta were aggregated with SA coating. X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra results showed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic effect were involved in APEs formation. APEs demonstrated non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior and fit well to the Cross model. Compared to bare Asta extract, APEs maintained high Asta retention and antioxidant activity when heated from 50 to 10 °C. APEs showed different stability at pH (3.0–11.0) and Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Fe²⁺ conditions by visual, zeta potential and polydispersity index measurements. Additionally, the first order kinetics fit well to describe APEs degradation at pH 3.0 to 9.0, Na⁺, and K⁺ conditions. Our results suggest the potential application of Asta-loaded Pickering emulsion in food systems as a fortified additive.     

Experiences of Trauma and DNA Methylation Profiles among African American Mothers and Children

Potentially traumatic experiences have been associated with chronic diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), have been proposed as an explanation for this association. We examined the association of experiences of trauma with epigenome-wide DNAm among African American mothers (n = 236) and their children aged 3–5 years (n = 232; N = 500), using the Life Events Checklist-5 (LEC) and Traumatic Events Screening Inventory—Parent Report Revised (TESI-PRR). We identified no DNAm sites significantly associated with potentially traumatic experience scores in mothers. One CpG site on the ENOX1 gene was methylome-wide-significant in children (FDR-corrected q-value = 0.05) from the TESI-PRR. This protein-coding gene is associated with mental illness, including unipolar depression, bipolar, and schizophrenia. Future research should further examine the associations between childhood trauma, DNAm, and health outcomes among this understudied and high-risk group. Findings from such longitudinal research may inform clinical and translational approaches to prevent adverse health outcomes associated with epigenetic changes.     

灌浆技术在治理旧水泥混凝土路面中的应用

灌浆作为一种新型的加固技术,用于治理水泥混凝土路面病害具有成本低、见效快、操作简便、对车辆行驶影响小、受自然因素影响小等优点,在公路施工和养护工程中,能够获得可观的经济效益和社会效益。     

巨野矿区煤自燃特性及动力学研究

为有效防止煤炭自燃,以5种不同类型的表面活性剂为基础,2种高分子聚合物为改性添加剂,研制出发泡倍数高、稳定性强、润湿性好的凝胶泡沫,并进行发泡性能和高温阻燃特性测试。研究结果表明：在发泡性能方面,当表面活性剂A与B的质量比为1∶2、总质量浓度为6 g/L,聚合物X的质量浓度为3 g/L时,制备的凝胶泡沫性能最佳;在高温阻燃方面,与原始煤样比较,经凝胶泡沫处理后的煤样点燃时间由27 s延长至334 s,热释放速率峰值从68.08 kW/m²降低至38.46 kW/m²,1 200 s内的总热释放量由41.98 MJ/m²降低至37.12 MJ/m²,阻燃效果显著。

     

微波法辅助提取葡萄叶白藜芦醇及其纯化研究

以新疆南部巴州地区赤霞珠葡萄叶为原料,采用微波辅助法提取葡萄叶中的白藜芦醇,并NKA-Ⅱ树脂进行纯化。实验表明:微波辅助法提取葡萄叶白藜芦醇的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度40%,微波功率640 W,时间76 s,料液比1∶92,在此条件下提取白藜芦醇为13.52 mg/g;经过静态实验筛选,采用NKA-Ⅱ树脂对白藜芦醇粗品进行纯化,其纯化的最佳工艺参数为:6 BV、浓度3 mg/m L、p H4的白藜芦醇样液以2 BV/h通过树脂,用4倍柱体积90%的乙醇以3BV/h的流速洗脱效果最佳,纯度由35.7352 mg/g提高到了181.5888 mg/g。结论:虽然微波辅助法的提取率不是最高的,但时间短,有利于工业生产,纯化虽然有一定效果,但仍需进一步研究。      

预防性多滤波技术在丝材涡流检测中的应用研究

针对小径丝材检测的要求,介绍了一种基于预防性多滤波技术的新型涡流检测方法,从原理出发,比较了预防性多滤波涡流检测与常规涡流检测的不同,即在一个宽的、全面的频率带宽内设置了多个中心频率不同的带通滤波器,并通过试验得到预防性多滤波涡流检测在丝材检测中的周向灵敏度、端头盲区及检测灵敏度。通过检测应用证实能够有效检出宽度约为30 μm、深度为225.7 μm的纵向裂纹。     

光催化技术在电镀含铬废水处理中的应用研究

<正>0前言随着全球工业化的快速发展,自然生态环境不可避免地遭到了破坏。其中电镀行业造成的水体污染问题尤其突出。电镀工艺具有的性能优点及经济优势,使其成为工业中必不可少的一门基础工艺。随着电镀技术的不断更新,电镀废水中的污染物变得越来越多,相应地增加了废水处理的难度。电镀