非相变固体蓄热材料的蓄放热特性

搭建了低谷电蓄能蒸汽发生换热测试系统,采用数据记录仪、Hot Disk热常数分析仪等仪器检测了刚玉球等非相变固体蓄热材料的热物性。通过实验与模拟相结合的方式,研究了粉煤灰、氧化镁、刚玉砂、刚玉球等材料的蓄放热特性。分析了蓄热材料种类和粒径大小对蓄放热特性的影响,得到了不同材料的蓄热密度和综合换热系数等关键参数。结合FLUENT非稳态模拟方法,模拟了蓄热体在不同材料粒径下的蓄热和放热温度场变化规律。结果表明：刚玉球能够提供充足连续的热量,可以作为一种性能良好的蓄热材料进行应用;随着刚玉砂粒径的增大,其蓄热密度和综合换热系数会增大,有效放热时间也会延长。     

辊式涂布法构建纸基牢固超疏水表面

采用辊式涂布的方法在纸基材料上构建超疏水表面,并对超疏水表面的牢固性、自清洁性和疏水性能进行评价。用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷（POTS）对微米级和纳米级两种尺寸的TiO₂粒子进行疏水改性处理,然后将改性后的微/纳米TiO₂涂布在纸基材料表面。采用红外光谱（FTIR）对改性后的微/纳米TiO₂的化学组成进行了分析,采用扫描电镜（SEM）对涂布纸表面结构进行了表征,通过接触角、耐磨性和自洁净测试评价了涂层表面的超疏水性、牢固性和自清洁性。改性TiO₂的FTIR分析显示在1000～1500cm^-1之间出现多个C—F键的伸缩振动峰,表明POTS通过化学键与TiO₂表面发生了结合。涂布纸表面的SEM分析可以看出,纸基材料表面上均匀分布了微米和纳米尺寸的TiO₂颗粒,具备了类似荷叶表面微-纳结构的粗糙表面。涂层表面的水接触角为153°±1.5°,滚动角为3.5°±0.5°,水滴在涂层表面呈球形,极易滑落,涂层在水中浸泡7天后,接触角没有发生明显变化,表明纸张表面具备了优异的超疏水性能,且疏水稳定性较好。涂层表面经过10次循环磨损试验后,接触角仍能达到150°,滚动角为9°,表明机械摩擦没有对涂布纸表面的化学成分和粗糙结构造成明显的破坏,超疏水表面的牢固性较好。自洁净测试表明,涂布纸表面具有良好的自清洁和防污性能。该工艺过程操作简单,易于实现工业化生产,为在纸基表面构建综合性能优异的超疏水表面提供了一种新的便利途径。     

冻融环境下CFRP-粘土砖抗剪性能试验研究

为研究冻融循环对CFRP与烧结粘土砖界面的影响,通过一种简单易行的单面剪切试验方法测定了冻融作用下粘贴了碳纤维布的粘土砖试件的应变值,得到荷载-滑移曲线,分析了冻融循环作用下CFRP与烧结粘土砖粘结性能的变化规律,建立了冻融循环作用下CFRP-粘土砖界面荷载滑移退化模型.通过对比分析,模型预测值与试验值吻合较好.     

混料含水率对电解锰渣免烧砖性能的影响

以电解锰渣、水泥、骨料和水为主要原料制备电解锰渣免烧砖,在成型压力为10 MPa,水泥、骨料添加量分别为23％和25％的条件下,研究混料含水率对电解锰渣免烧砖各项性能的影响.结果 表明:混料含水率从20％增加至40％时,电解锰渣免烧砖抗压、抗折强度均先增大后减小,体积密度基本保持不变,线收缩率先减小后增大最后趋于稳定,吸水率和饱和系数总体先减小后增大.最适宜混料含水率为30％,此时砖样抗压、抗折强度均满足国家免烧砖MU10标准规定,其他性能参数均符合国家免烧砖一等品要求.     

聚乙烯醇/改性纳米蒙脱土复合材料的制备与性能

纳米蒙脱土(MMT)用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进行改性制得有机改性的MMT(OMMT),用其作为聚乙烯醇(PVAL)的改性材料,采用溶液共混、流涎成膜制得PLA/OMMT复合材料,考察了OMMT的用量对PVAL复合材料性能的影响。用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、万能力学试验机等对复合材料性能及结构进行表征和分析。结果表明,FTIR显示十六烷基三甲基溴化铵成功进入MMT结构中,OMMT成功制得;随着OMMT添加量的增加,复合材料热稳定性提高,断裂伸长率降低,拉伸强度呈现先增加后降低趋势,当其含量为9%时达到最大;SEM显示OMMT含量9%时,OMMT与PVAL相容性最好,表面光滑,含量再增加,出现团聚现象,力学性能受到影响。     

NDQ催化剂在400 kt/a Spheripol聚丙烯工业装置上的应用

以三乙基铝为助催化剂,环已基甲基二甲氧基硅烷为外给电子体,使用NDQ催化剂在400 kt/a的Spheripol聚丙烯工业装置上试生产了注塑专用聚丙烯HA8012和HP-M12。结果表明:试生产期间,装置运行平稳,聚合工艺参数可控可调,聚丙稀细粉含量低;采用NDQ催化剂生产的HA8012和HP-M12具有较宽的相对分子质量分布(6.0~6.5)、较低的二甲苯可溶物含量(质量分数为1.5%~2.0%)、较高的拉伸强度(大于38 MPa)和弯曲模量(1.8~2.2 GPa)。     

Bactericidal effect of cationic hydrogels prepared from hydrophilic polymers

This study investigated whether hydrogels comprising hydrophilic cationic polymers have similar bactericidal effects. Bacteria were seeded on hydrogels and agar and their viability was assessed with time. Cationic hydrogels displayed bactericidal effects upon long-term bacterial contact. Furthermore, we assessed the areal density of cationic monomer unit of the cationic hydrogels, water content, and the initial elastic modulus. We examined correlations between each factor and bacterial death ratios; consequently, the bacterial death ratios were strongly correlated with the areal density of cationic hydrogel monomers. Elastic energy (W_el) generated at the cytomembrane ion-binding region and the cationic hydrogel and the cytomembrane interfacial energy (W_f) were estimated; consequently, W_el exceeded W_f at higher contact areas. The cationic hydrogel may extract cytomembranes with a reasonable adsorption area. Therefore, cationic hydrogels may be used as probes for ultrasonic echo to sterilize medical equipment.     

Study on element detection and its correction in iron ore concentrate based on a prompt gamma-neutron activation analysis system

A prompt gamma-neutron activation analysis(PGNAA) system was developed to detect the iron content of iron ore concentrate. Because of the self-absorption effect of gamma-rays and neutrons, and the interference of chlorine in the neutron field, the linear relationship between the iron analytical coefficient and total iron content was poor, increasing the error in the quantitative analysis. To solve this problem, gamma-ray self-absorption compensation and a neutron field correction algorithm were proposed, and the experimental results have been corrected using this algorithm. The results show that the linear relationship between the iron analytical coefficient and total iron content was considerably improved after the correction. The linear correlation coefficients reached 0.99 or more.     

Numerical study of scattering Legendre moments and effect of anisotropic scattering on SN shielding calculation

The main purpose of this work was to perform a rigorous computational study on scintimammography with a Mura-mask based on Monte Carlo simulation of voxelized breast phantoms. Three main objectives were addressed:(1) verification of Geant4 version 10.4,(2)optimization of the imaging setup, and(3) small tumor detection and localization. We successfully verified the Geant4-based imaging of a commonly used phantom in the field. We used a Mura-mask with a 41× 41 array pattern with adjustable thickness, material, and hole shape(box and cylinder); a low-energy high-resolution collimator with different hole shapes(cylinder and hexagon); and a voxelized breast phantom with different sizes(small, medium,and large) and glandularity percentages(low, medium, and high). We also compared the detector crystal outputs of CdZnTe and NaI(Tl). The simulation was followed by a deconvolution procedure, and the data(images) were statistically emphasized. Statistical metrics indicate that the Mura-mask(W material with 1.5 mm thickness and box holes) combined with a CdZnTe detector leads to the optimum point spread function. Finally, a preliminary study on small-sized tumor detection and localization was conducted with different tumor-to-background ratios(from2 to 12). Tumors with diameters of 5 and 8 mm could be detected, while those of 2 mm were undetectable. Nevertheless, this study enhances our understanding of the early detection of tumors in the field of scintimammography.