基于PIC单片机的无源锁系统设计

基于PIC微功耗单片机,设计了一套由无源锁头、电子钥匙、中心管理系统平台组成的无源锁系统.系统结合了智能锁芯与机械锁芯的优点,将系统供电模块集成在电子钥匙中,实现锁头的无源管理.介绍了无源锁系统的工作原理及机械控制,给出了硬件设计和软件流程图.系统中无源锁头和电子钥匙均可记录开锁事件,中心管理系统平台实现对无源锁头和电子钥匙的参数设置,对钥匙进行授权和数据库管理.本设计解决了野外环境中电子锁具的供电问题,拓宽了电子钥匙应用范围,在住宅、办公和野外等应用中具有推广价值.     

基于多层次灰色评价理论的海洋输油管道安全评估方法

针对受多层次、多变量、多种非定量因素影响的海上输油管道系统缺乏有效定量评估手段,建立了输油管道体系的多层次安全评估指标,结合层次分析法,确定了各层指标对应的权重,应用多层次灰色理论,对输油管道体系进行了安全评估,对风险影响程度进行了定量化处理,给出了在役输油管道的可靠性量化结果。对少数据、小样本、信息不完全和经验缺乏的不确定性问题,多层次灰色评估方法具有计算简便、直接、科学和实用的特点,可为在役海上输油管道的可靠性综合评估提供一种量化方法。     

带激光反射镜重要设备轴线方位角测量方法的探讨

随着我国国民经济的快速发展,各项重大工程项目不断开展,测量在工程项目建设的地位重要性越来越强,经常会遇到很多涉及到重要工程的高精度测量,特别是受工程与项目环境的约束,采用常规的作业方法受到局限,如何采用最优最可靠的方法是测绘服务国民经济需要研究的问题,在可重复验证满足测量精度的同时,需要对独立的工程项目进行专项测量技术设计,以此来满足工程独特的技术与精度要求;本文探讨对某重要激光反射设备进行激光反射镜反射的不可见短轴轴线方位进行测量,由于受设备环境影响,激光镜面可见,垂直镜面反射的激光轴线在设备内不可见也不可延长,如何高精度的测量激光轴线方位是设备安装后调试的关键。     

小口径自动炮低后坐力射击模式研究

为了降低和有效控制火炮发射时产生的后坐力,提出了采用增大后坐长度,弹箱与自动炮共同浮动射击的方法,形成一种低后坐力的射击模式,达到以大后坐行程后位浮动的射击方式来降低后坐力的目的.以小口径自动炮为例,建立了该自动炮后坐运动的数学模型,经过动态仿真分析,在两种射速下与常规射击模式的最大后坐力进行了对比,同时考虑到射击过程中弹箱中炮弹数量不断减少而引起后坐质量变化的因素,得出此低后坐力射击模式能够有效降低自动炮射击过程中产生的后坐力,相比于常规射击模式,后坐力降低了50%以上,为小口径自动炮的减小后坐力技术提供了参考.     

Kaiser 效应点识别方法及储层地应力预测

在储层岩心Kaiser 实验中,声发射累积曲线通常出现多个突变点,导致常规Kaiser 效应点识别方法不精确,甚至存在无法读取Kaiser 点的问题。为此,提出将声发射能量图谱与声发射累积曲线结合的Kaiser 效应点优化识别方法,并用于某油田X区块储层地应力预测。岩心单轴加载实验结果表明：加载初期,岩心处于压缩阶段,声发射数量较多,声发射能量值波动范围较大;加载中期,岩心处于弹性形变阶段,声发射数量较少,声发射能量值较低,变化幅度均一;加载后期,应力达到储层岩心破裂压力,岩心发生破裂,声发射数量急剧增加,声发射能量值达到峰值。加载中期阶段,当轴向应力达到储层岩心承受的历史最大应力时,岩心突然释放大量能量,声发射数量和能量值均突增,随后迅速降低,该现象与Kaiser 现象相吻合,因此通过声发射能量图谱与声发射累积曲线结合的方法能够识别Kaiser 效应点。利用优化后的Kaiser 效应点识别方法,分析某油田X区块地应力分布,计算结果与现场测试结果吻合。     

Bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction enhanced nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing ammonia and sulfate

Low organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and existing sulfate (SO₄²⁻) in industrial wastewater limited nitrogen removal. Coupling SO₄²⁻ reduction with sulfide autotrophic denitrification provides a novel strategy. Herein, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction was coupled with heterotrophic sulfate reduction to drive sulfide autotrophic denitrification. In this coupled system, total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was increased from ~25% to ~85% by inputting −45 mA electricity. With the help of supplying electrons to denitrification through SO₄²⁻ reduction, coulomb efficiency was improved to 61.5%. Also, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction could improve sulfur recovery and thus increase TN removal efficiency. Furthermore, through tuning turnover numbers of SO₄²⁻, high TN removal efficiency can be obtained at various concentrations of SO₄²⁻. Moreover, main functional bacteria in this system were identified. Finally, ~75% TN removal efficiency was achieved with real wastewater in this system. Overall, this work offered a new approach for efficient nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing SO₄²⁻.     

Electrically conductive and thermally stable SiC-TiC containing nanocomposites via flash pyrolysis

Flash pyrolysis, which combines conventional pyrolysis with flash sintering, was first conducted to produce polymer derived SiC-TiC nanocomposites. Pre-pyrolysis at 800℃ allows the conversion from titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) modified polysiloxane to an amorphous SiTiOC ceramic. The subsequent application of an electric field gives rise to the formation of turbostratic carbon and creates Joule heating to obtain a sample internal temperature of ~1400℃. The precipitation of β-SiC, TiC, as well as titanium oxides is realized upon carbothermal reduction of extensively phase separated SiO₂ and TiO₂ with carbon. Increasing TTIP content embodies the nanocomposites with prominent electrical percolation behaviors. The electrical transport of the synthesized ceramics follows an amorphous semiconductor mechanism. High thermal stability in air is guaranteed, thanks to the in-situ formed TiC nanocrystals and preferentially reduced amorphous carbon. Flash pyrolyzed nanocomposite with a Ti:Si molar ratio of 0.20 exhibits the highest electrical conductivity (0.696 S/cm) and minimum mass change (~2%) at 1000℃, serving as a competitive candidate for electro-discharge machining (EDM) applications or self-standing conducting devices that must withstand high temperature conditions.     

Competitive Cr3+ occupation in persistent phosphors toward tunable traps distribution for dynamic anti-counterfeiting

Red/near infrared (NIR) long persistent phosphors have received extensive attentions in biomedical, food inspection, iris recognition, biological imaging, etc. Herein, a new phosphor, Li₂ZnGe₃O₈:Cr³⁺, is reported with deep red persistent luminescence peaking at 708 nm. By adjusting the Cr³⁺ doping concentration, the competitive site occupation at [ZnO6] and [GeO6] polyhedral enables different traps behaviors including trap types, trap concentration and trap depth, which in turn leads to different afterglow duration time from 2 to 20 h. The persistent luminescence mechanisms originated from different trap models have been discussed, and it is found that they can cooperate or inhibit each other, enabling different luminescence depending on time. The dynamic anti-counterfeiting applications have been demonstrated, which provides a new way to rationally designing for multi-functional luminescent materials.     

Tuning fermi level and band gap in Li4Ti5O12 by doping and vacancy for ultrafast Li+ insertion/extraction

Li₄T_i5O₁₂ (LTO) attracts great interest due to the “zero strain” during cycles but the poor electronic and ionic conductivity critically impede the practical application. Herein, we report a synergy strategy of tuning localized electrons to shift Fermi level and band gap by Mg/Zr co-doping and oxygen vacancy incorporation, which significantly improves Li⁺ and electronic transport. More importantly, the intrinsic synergistic mechanism has been revealed by neutron diffraction, X-ray absorption spectra, and first-principles calculations. The “elastic effect” of lattice induced by Mg/Zr co-doping allows LTO to accommodate more oxygen vacancies to a certain degree without a severe lattice distortion, which largely improves the electronic conductivity. Mg/Zr co-doping and oxygen vacancy incorporation effectively enhanced the dynamic characteristics of LTO electrode, achieving the excellent rate performance (90 mAh/g at 20C) and cycle stability (96.9% after 500 cycles at 10C). First-principles calculations confirm Fermi level shifts to the conduction band, and the band gap becomes narrowed due to the synergistic modulation, and the intrinsic mechanism of the enhanced electronic and Li-ion conductivity is clarified. This study offers some insights into achieving the fast Li⁺ insertion/extraction by tuning the crystal and electronic structure with lattice doping and oxygen vacancy engineering.     

Improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by ternary blending with bio-based alcohols and diesel from direct coal liquefaction

The utilization and popularization of biodiesel are always limited by its poor cold flow properties. Both bio-based alcohol and diesel from direct coal liquefaction (DDCL) has potential to enhance the cold flow properties of biodiesel. In this study, ternary blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (BWCO) with DDCL and bio-based ethanol (ET) or 1-butanol (BT) were conducted to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel. The pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and cloud point (CP) of BWCO-ET, BWCO-BT, and BWCO-DDCL binary blends, and BWCO-ET-DDCL and BWCO-BT-DDCL ternary blends were comparatively assessed. Ternary phase diagrams were also applied to analyze the blending effect of the three components on the cold flow properties of biodiesel. Results showed that both DDCL, ET, and BT can remarkably enhance the cold flow properties of BWCO. When the ternary blends contain 20 vol.% BWCO and less than 40 vol.% ET or BT, DDCL together with ET or BT exerted positive effects on enhancing the low-temperature flow properties of BWCO, especially on the CP and CFPP. For ternary blends in 20:10:70 blending ratio, BWCO-BT-DDCL exhibited the lowest PP, CFPP, and CP of −23, −19, and −17°C, respectively. The crystallization behavior and crystal morphology of blended fuels are also observed via a polarizing optical microscope, and find that DDCL together with BT in biodiesel can effectively retard the aggregation of large crystals and inhibit crystals growth.