Wireless phototherapeutic contact lenses and glasses with red light-emitting diodes

Light-mediated therapeutics have attracted considerable attention as a method for the treatment of ophthalmologic diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, because of their non-invasiveness and the effectiveness to ameliorate the oxidative stress of retinal cells. However, the current phototherapeutic devices are opaque, bulky, and tethered forms, so they are not feasible for use in continuous treatment during the patient’s daily life. Herein, we report wireless, wearable phototherapeutic devices with red light-emitting diodes for continuous treatments. Red light-emitting diodes were formed to be conformal to three-dimensional surfaces of glasses and contact lenses. Furthermore, fabricated light-emitting diodes had either transparency or a miniaturized size so that the user’s view is not obstructed. Also, these devices were operated wirelessly with control of the light intensity. In addition, in-vitro and in-vivo tests using human retinal epithelial cells and a live rabbit demonstrated the effectiveness and reliable operation as phototherapeutic devices.

     

Graphene–Titania Hybrid Photoanodes by Supersonic Kinetic Spraying for Solar Water Splitting

We report the synthesis of graphene–TiO₂ (G–TiO₂) composite films that exhibit significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical water‐splitting performance relative to pure TiO₂. Supersonic kinetic spraying was used to produce strongly adhered, electrically and mechanically robust G–TiO₂ composite films containing 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 wt.% graphene. Films with an intermediate graphene content of 1.0 wt.% demonstrated the best water‐splitting performance. G–TiO₂ composite films with 1.0 wt.% graphene exhibited photocurrent density ten times that of pure TiO₂ films. The electron transfer between TiO₂ and graphene suppresses the recombination of photoinduced charge carriers and prolongs the electron excited‐state lifetime, which contributes to the enhanced photoelectrochemical water‐splitting performance.     

Effects of High-Pressure Hydrogen Annealing on the Formation of Conducting Filaments in Filament-Type Resistive Random-Access Memory

Accurate control of formation of conducting filaments is one of the most important challenges to solve in order to achieve improved switching characteristics in resistive random-access memory (ReRAM). In this regard, high-pressure hydrogen annealing (HPHA) can be an effective method for accurate control because it can induce in the ReRAM the formation of oxygen vacancies and OH^– bonds, the main factors that influence conducting filament formation. Among the various switching processes, the forming process, which represents the first formation of a conducting filament, was investigated to clarify the effects of HPHA on the formation of conducting filaments. HPHA-treated samples were found to exhibit more accurately controlled resistance of the conducting filament, owing to accurate control of the forming process, compared with samples not treated by HPHA.     

Black raspberry extract can lower serum LDL cholesterol via modulation of gut microbial composition and serum bile acid profile in rats fed trimethylamine-N-oxide with a high-fat diet

Food Science and Biotechnology - Blood trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis, BR) has been regarded to be beneficial for...     

Direct fabrication of integrated 3D epitaxial functional transition metal oxide nanostructures using extremely small hollow nanopillar nano-imprint metal masks

A novel nanofabrication technique is developed for functional oxides. Combining nano-imprint lithography, sidewall-etching and sidewall-deposition processes enables us to prepare Mo hollow nanopillar masks with 100 and 60 nm window sizes, which is smaller than the original nano-imprint mold size of 250 nm. Using this Mo nanomask, extremely small epitaxial ferromagnetic oxide (Fe(2.5)Mn(0.5)O(4)) nanostructures can be directly grown on sapphire substrates at the deposition temperature of 350?°C in a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process.     

A data flow-based structural testing technique for FBD programs

With increased use of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in implementing critical systems, quality assurance became an important issue. Regulation requires structural testing be performed for safety-critical systems by identifying coverage criteria to be satisfied and accomplishment measured. Classical coverage criteria, based on control flow graphs, are inadequate when applied to a data flow language function block diagram (FBD) which is a PLC programming language widely used in industry. We propose three structural coverage criteria for FBD programs, analyze relationship among them, and demonstrate their effectiveness using a real-world reactor protection system. Using test cases that had been manually prepared by FBD testing professionals, our technique found many aspects of the FBD logic that were not tested sufficiently. Domain experts, having found the approach highly intuitive, found the technique effective.     

机构与控制的协同设计

提出凸轮、连杆等传统机构与电、气、液等控制系统协同工作的理念,列举机构与控制协同系统的构成类型及应用领域,分析机构与控制的协同设计方法,指出机构与控制协同设计理论的研究内容并评述其科学意义及工程价值。