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排序方式： 共有338条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Sümeyra Bakirci Elif Dagdemir Osman Seracettin Boran Ali Adnan Hayaloglu 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2017,52(1):180-187
In this study, the effect of pumpkin fibre (PF) on physicochemical, microbiological, rheological and microstructural characteristics of reduced‐fat yogurt samples was investigated during storage. PF was added at three different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) to standardised (1.55% fat ratio) cow's milk. Plain yogurt (PF‐free) was used for comparison. The addition of PF significantly affected total solid content, synaeresis, water‐holding capacity, apparent viscosity and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) of yogurt samples for all sampling time. The addition of PF caused a reduction in L* values (from 94.89 to 88.67), but caused an increase in a* (from ?2.10 to +4.22) and b* (from 10.79 to 25.88) values. Yogurts with PF exhibited lower synaeresis and more viscous structure than PF‐free sample during storage. SEM images showed that distinctive microstructure profile was present between samples with or without PF. More filamentous structures and denser network were observed in the SEM images and these increased with increasing level of PF. Yogurt containing 1.0% PF showed a higher storage (G′) (3687.87 at 21 day) and loss (G″) (543.10 at 21 day) moduli in comparison with other samples. In conclusion, the results revealed that PF improved the physical quality and contributed textural properties of half‐fat yogurt. 相似文献
92.
93.
Kadir Bakirci 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,134(4):130-134
In this study, variation of the solar radiation over horizontal surfaces for clear-sky atmospheres was predicted and compared with measurements carried out in Erzurum, Turkey (latitude: 39.55, longitude: 41.16, and altitude: 1869?m). Hottel’s clear-sky model was used in calculations of solar radiation on horizontal surfaces for clear-sky atmospheres. The results show that the model calculations are reasonably consistent with the measured data. It is recommended that Hottel’s clear-sky model can be used for solar radiation calculations in Erzurum. Also, correlation equations giving monthly averages of clear-sky and global solar radiation on horizontal surfaces have been developed. In order to indicate the performance of the correlation equations, the relative percentage error, correlation coefficient, mean percentage error, mean bias error, and root-mean-square-error methods were used. 相似文献
94.
Muhd Khairulzaman Abdul Kadir Evor L. Hines Kefaya Qaddoum Rosemary Collier Elizabeth Dowler Wyn Grant 《Applied Artificial Intelligence》2013,27(1):50-61
A fuzzy logic (FL)-based food security risk level assessment system is designed and is presented in this article. Three inputs—yield, production, and economic growth—are used to predict the level of risk associated with food supply. A number of previous studies have related food supply with risk assessment for particular types of food, but none of the work was specifically concerned with how the wider food chain might be affected. The system we describe here uses the Mamdani method. The resulting system can assess risk level against three grades: severe, acceptable, and good. The method is tested with UK (United Kingdom) cereal data for the period from 1988 to 2008. The approach is discussed on the basis that it could be used as a starting point in developing tools that may either assess current food security risk or predict periods or regions of impending pressure on food supply. 相似文献
95.
In this study, the effect of the different concentrations of inulin and demineralised whey (d‐whey) powder on the chemical characteristics and organic acid profiles of probiotic yoghurts were investigated. Analysis of chemical composition was performed on the first day, while pH and organic acid profiles were carried out during storage. The results indicated that different proportions of inulin and d‐whey powder significantly influenced the levels of the organic acids, produced while the duration of storage affected the orotic, pyruvic, citric, lactic and acetic acid levels. There was a direct relationship between the level of d‐whey powder and organic acid (except for butyric acid) concentration in the probiotic yoghurt. 相似文献
96.
Ihsan Bakirci Serafettin Çelik Cihat Özdemir 《International Journal of Dairy Technology》2002,55(4):177-181
In this study, the effects of four different direct-vat-set (DVS) commercial starter cultures (CHN11, CHN22, EZAL BT001 and MM100) and storage temperatures (4 ± 1 and −18 ± 2°C) on the oxidative stability and diacetyl production in butter during a 4-month period were investigated. Samples were taken from butter on days 3, 30, 60, 90 and 120. Analyses of titration acidity, peroxide value, free fatty acids and diacetyl contents of the samples taken were carried out. The effects of the starter cultures on the peroxide value and diacetyl contents were found to be significant ( P < 0.01) while the storage temperatures significantly affected all parameters tested. Interaction between the type of culture and storage temperature was significant for free fatty acids ( P < 0.05) and diacetyl content ( P < 0.01). 相似文献
97.
98.
In our previous works, it is clearly addressed that optimisation of fin profile is of vital importance in terms of the rate of heat transfer from a hot surface, and the optimisation procedure depends on several factors. Within the scope of this research, a longitudinal cylindrical fin profile is under interest for the optimisation research. The purpose is to investigate the effects of longitudinal parabolic perforations on the fin parameters such as temperature distribution, effectiveness and efficiency, in which the fin surface is cooled by natural convection and radiation. Different concavity levels are considered to form parabolic perforations. The rate of heat transfer from fin surface is numerically correlated with the fin mass with respect to different concavity levels. According to results, heat transfer from unit fin mass is enhanced with the new designs. The outcome of the study can be used to optimise the needs for particular applications by making a decision between heat loss and weight options. That is, the increase in the concavity level of the perforation results in a lighter and cheaper design, but yielding a lower heat loss. However, heat transfer from unit mass is still enhanced. 相似文献
99.
Ilkay Karakurt Kadir Ozaltin Hana Pi&#x;t kov Daniela Vesela Jonas Michael-Lindhard Petr Humpolícek Miran Mozeti
Marian Lehocky 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(15)
More than half of the hospital-associated infections worldwide are related to the adhesion of bacteria cells to biomedical devices and implants. To prevent these infections, it is crucial to modify biomaterial surfaces to develop the antibacterial property. In this study, chitosan (CS) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) were chosen as antibacterial coating materials on polylactic acid (PLA) surfaces. Plasma-treated PLA surfaces were coated with CS either direct coating method or the carbodiimide coupling method. As a next step for the combined saccharide coating, CS grafted samples were immersed in ChS solution, which resulted in the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) formation. Also in this experiment, to test the drug loading and releasing efficiency of the thin film coatings, CS grafted samples were immersed into lomefloxacin-containing ChS solution. The successful modifications were confirmed by elemental composition analysis (XPS), surface topography images (SEM), and hydrophilicity change (contact angle measurements). The carbodiimide coupling resulted in higher CS grafting on the PLA surface. The coatings with the PEC formation between CS-ChS showed improved activity against the bacteria strains than the separate coatings. Moreover, these interactions increased the lomefloxacin amount adhered to the film coatings and extended the drug release profile. Finally, the zone of inhibition test confirmed that the CS-ChS coating showed a contact killing mechanism while drug-loaded films have a dual killing mechanism, which includes contact, and release killing. 相似文献
100.
Mostafa Moghadasi Abdul Kadir Marsono 《The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings》2014,23(8):563-579
Industrialized building system (IBS) is a construction process that uses techniques, products, components or building systems that involve prefabricated components and on‐site installation. The structural behaviour of a prefabricated frame structure is widely affected by the specifications of the beam‐to‐column connection. The understanding on the real behaviour of a connection can be assessed by conducting full‐scale experimental tests. In this study, a new IBS hybrid steel–concrete connection in a full‐scale H‐subframe under monotonic loading is investigated. This innovative connection system, consists of precast concrete beam‐and‐column elements with embedded steel end connectors, is patented as Smart IBS. This paper reports the testing procedures and results of this semi‐rigid IBS beam‐to‐column connection to obtain the important attributes of the connection as well as its comparison with monolithic cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete model. The height of both H‐subframes is 3.3 m while the free length of the beam is 3.2 m. The incremental loads were applied as two point loads in one‐third and two‐third of the beam length. The characteristic relationships of the connection such as load to mid‐span deflection, strength, stiffness, ductility, failure modes and crack patterns are studied and compared between both structural systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献