Synthesis and electrochemical,in situ spectroelectrochemical,electrical and gas sensing properties of ball-type homo- and hetero-dinuclear phthalocyanines with four [1a,8b-dihydronaphtho[b]naphthofuro[3,2-d]furan-7,10-diyl] bridges

The new mono-nuclear Fe^II 2 and ball-type homo-dinuclear Fe^II–Fe^II 3 phthalocyanines have been synthesized from the corresponding 4,4′-(1a,8b-dihydronaphtho[b]naphthofuro[3,2-d]-furan-7,10-diyl)bis(oxy)diphthalonitrile 1 while ball-type hetero-dinuclear Fe^II–Co^II phthalocyanine 4 was synthesized from 2. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV–vis, IR and MALDI-TOF-mass spectroscopies. The redox behaviours of the complexes were identified by controlled-potential coulometry, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry measurements on Pt in dimethylsulfoxide containing tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. The assignments of the redox processes and the understanding of the interactions between the metal phthalocyanine units in 3 and 4 were achieved by the combined evaluation of the voltammetric and in situ spectroelectrochemical outcomes. Complex 3 showed ring-based mixed-valence behaviour as a result of the considerable interaction between the phthalocyanine rings. On the other hand, the interactions between the two metal phthalocyanine units of 4 were found to be much weaker than those in 3. The potential application of molecular organic semiconductors needs the control adjustment of conductivity. Ac and dc conductivity measurements were performed with the applied external electric filed. At high frequency, the conduction follows the universal power law and conduction mechanism can be explained by classical hopping barriers mechanism for the system.     

Image Resolution Enhancement Using Spatially Invariant Point Spread Function

<正>This paper presents an image resolution enhancement algorithm using spatially invariant point spread function.Point spread function is used to constrain the solution space.This parameter is computed at each iteration step using partially restored image at each iteration,and High pass filter is used to impose the degree of edge smoothness on the solution.The resulting iterative algorithm exhibits the increased PSNR better than Bicubic interpolation approach.     

Nanotube morphology changes for Ti-Zr alloys as Zr content increases

Nanotube morphology changes in Ti-Zr alloys as Zr content increases have been investigated. Ti-Zr (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%) alloys were prepared by arc melting and heat treated for 24 h at 1000 °C in an argon atmosphere. TiO₂ nanotubes were formed on the Ti-Zr alloys by anodization in H₃PO₄ containing 0.5 wt.% NaF. Electrochemical experiments were performed using a conventional three-electrode configuration with a platinum counter electrode and a saturated calomel reference electrode. Samples were embedded in epoxy resin, leaving an area of 10 mm² exposed to the electrolyte. Anodization was carried out using a scanning potentiostat, and all experiments were conducted at room temperature. Microstructures of the alloys were examined by optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The Ti-Zr alloy microstructures observed by OM and FE-SEM changed from a lamellar structure to a needle-like structure with increasing Zr content. The microstructures also changed from β phase to increasing amounts of α phase as the Zr content increased. The number of large nanotubes formed by anodization decreased, and the number of small nanotubes increased, as the Zr content increased. The mean inner diameter ranged from approximately 150 to 200 nm with a tube-wall thickness of about 20 nm. The interspace between the nanotubes was approximately 60, 70, 100 and 130 nm for Zr contents of 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%, respectively.     

On the solid state heat transport phenomena measurement

The paper deals with theoretical and experimental aspects of lumped capacitance model (LCM) application for the study of heat transport in different materials. Patented construction of the measuring chamber together with special software the fundamental features of which are presented here allows evaluating thermal conductivity k, specific heat capacity c_p and thermal diffusivity α. Obtained results are in relatively very good agreement with those obtained from independent measurement or table values.     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Construction of Spirooxindoles by Arylative Cyclization of 3‐(γ,δ‐Disubstituted)allylidene‐2‐Oxindoles

The palladium‐catalyzed, one‐pot arylative cyclization of 3‐(γ,δ‐disubstituted)allylidene‐2‐oxindoles afforded spirodihydronaphthalene‐2‐oxindole frameworks via an oxidative Heck arylation (Fujiwara–Moritani reaction), an allylic palladium migration, and an aryl C H bond functionalization/arylation cascade of reactions. This is a first example of the palladium‐catalyzed oxidative arylation and an aryl C H bond functionalization/arylation cascade reaction which involves an electrophilic arylative quenching of a π‐allylpalladium intermediate and a regio‐controlled aryl C H bond activation assisted by a weak palladium‐arene interaction.

     

Morphological core/shell structure and dispersion stability of water-dispersible copolyester graft polymerized with acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate

Anionic water-dispersible copolyester was prepared by the polycondensation of dimethyl isophathalate (DMI)/5-sodium sulfo dimethyl isophathalate (DMS) with ethylene glycol (EG)/ diethylene glycol (DEG) to synthesize water-dispersible copolyester-g-AA/EAs by chemical method. In the case of graft polymerization of AA/EA onto DMI/DMS/EG/DEG copolyester does not. This is a result of the core/shell structure that was ascertained by the graft yield and the zeta potential of copolyester-g-AA/EAs. It appears that grafted AA/EA exists at the surface of copolyester-g-AA/EA particles, and the backbone polymer, i.e., DMI/DMS/EG/DEG copolyester, exists in the inner phase of the copolyester, -g-AA/EA particles. The complete solubility of copolyester-g-AA/EAs in 1N NaOH aqueous solution seems to come mainly from the electrostatic repulsion between  COOs that are present at the surface of copolyester-g-AA/EA particles due to AA grafting and  OHs that are present at the dispersion medium due to NaOH decomposition and which cause the hydrolytic breakage and consequently the coagulation of copolyesters in alkaline medium. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The effect of pyrolysis on the mechanical properties and microstructure of carbon fiber-reinforced and stabilized fiber-reinforced phenolic resins for carbon/carbon composites

Carbon/carbon composites were prepared with phenol-formaldehyde resin, one kind of commercial carbon fiber, and a stabilized fiber that was developed in our laboratory. The effect of pyrolysis on the microstructure, fracture behavior, and flexural strength of the composites during the carbonization process was studied. During the pyrolysis of the composites a chemical reaction at the fiber/resin interface apparently took place. A thermogravimetry (TG) study indicated that the use of stabilized fiber reinforced composites inhibited decomposition reactions and thermal fragmentation in the matrix resin, and reduced the weight loss of the final composites. The X-ray reflection of the resin and the two composites showed a reflection appearing at 2θ ≈ 12° when the samples were carbonized above 600°C. The intensity of this reflection in the composites made with stabilized fiber was higher than that of the composite made with carbon fiber. Because of the formation of strong bonding in the fiber-matrix interface, the composites made with stabilized fiber showed catastrophic failure and low flexural strength below carbonization temperatures of 600°C. Above 600°C, the flexural strength of the composites increased with an increase in the carbonization temperatures, even if the fracture behaviors showed catastrophic failure. The flexural strength of the composites made with carbon fiber showed pseudo-plastic patterns and debonding with very little fiber pullout. Above 800°C, these composites showed a catastrophic failure and smooth failure surfaces. During pyrolysis the flexural strength decreased with an increase in the carbonization temperature.     

Influence of rosemary-tocopherol/packaging combination on meat quality and the survival of pathogens in restructured irradiated pork loins

Irradiated restructured pork loins treated with rosemary-tocopherol/double-packaging had lower TBARS values than vacuum-packaged control after 10 days of refrigerated storage. The rosemary-tocopherol combination, however, had no effect on the production of sulfur volatiles responsible for the irradiation off-odor, and color changes in irradiated pork. V7/A3 double-packaging was effective in reducing the sulfur volatiles significantly. Rosemary-tocopherol combination was highly effective in reducing the volatile hexanal in irradiated restructure pork. Irradiation was effective in reducing Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium inoculated on the surface of restructured pork loin in dose-dependent manner. The irradiation D(10) values for L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium were 0.58 and 0.55kGy, respectively. During the 20 days of refrigerated storage, L. monocytogenes in both nonirradiated and irradiated samples grew gradually, but the number of S. typhimurium decreased. The added rosemary-tocopherol, however, showed little bacteriocidal effects to L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium.