The influence of mobile ions on the Si/SiO2 interface traps

An investigation of the relation between mobile ions and interface traps was carried out, using an appropriate technique to determine the number and type of mobile ions. It was found that mobile ions do not cause interface traps in the middle 0.8 eV of the bandgap. It appears that interface traps are rather caused by some stress effect. The results are considered in light of previously reported work.     

Toward on-chip datacenters: a perspective on general trends and on-chip particulars

Due to economical reasons, the traditional philosophy in data centers was to scale out, rather than scaling up. However, the advances in CMP technology enabled chip multiprocessors to become more prevalent and they are expected to become more affordable and power-efficient in the coming years. Current trend towards more densely packaged systems and increasing demand for higher performance push the market towards placing datacenters on highly powerful chips that have many cores on a single platform. However, increasing the number of cores on a single chip brings along very important problems to be addressed at the chip level regarding the use of shared resources and QoS satisfaction. After briefly exploring current datacenter perspective, this paper captures the current state of the art in the field of chip multiprocessors through a detailed discussion of different studies that pave the way to the datacenters on-chip. Finally, a number of open research issues are highlighted with the intention of inspiring new contributions and developments in the field of datacenters on-chip.     

建筑即景观,景观即建筑

ONL一直以来即以将建筑做成如雕塑一般精致而著称.艺术与建筑从基于纸上的方案到大规模的定制加工过程,被成功地融合到一种新的建筑实体中.一些闻名的建筑,比如废物处理中心(Garbage transfer station),海澜阁(Saltwater pavilion)等,就是建于景观之上的,如宇宙飞船,尽管外观上有点另类,却深受人们喜爱.ONL的建筑尊重其所处的环境,它们与环境进行交流,并格外强调当地景观的现有质量,而非凌驾其上.这些格调不同的建筑体,就如最新型的滚石在自然力的作用下雕塑而成,并被提升到景观之上.它们与周围的环境有着深刻的关系,从自然因素来讲,它吸取了建筑语境的精华,从现实意义上讲,它与从周围环境中提取的数据,建立了直接的数字联系.     

A hardware and software system for the laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer

The hardware and software system for a laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer is based on the double-level principle. At the upper level, the personal computer automatically controls online recording and processing of mass spectra with the highest priority. The monitoring and stabilization functions are fulfilled by controllers of the second control level. The exchange between the controllers and personal computer takes place in the periods between mass-spectrum recording and processing. The use of the hardware and software system has made it possible (i) to form short mass peaks with a half-height duration of up to 10 ns, (ii) to decrease a scatter of relative sensitivity coefficients from two or three down to one order of magnitude, and (iii) to increase a dynamic range of the recorded mass spectra up to 1?1 × 10⁹.     

Analytical fuel cell modeling; non-isothermal fuel cells

The isothermal fuel cell model, given in an earlier publication, will be generalized to describe the behaviour of non-isothermal fuel cells of co-flow type. To this end the temperalure distribution inside a fuel cell in steady state is investigated analytically. A simplified relation between the local temperature and the fuel utilization is derived and its practical significance elucidated. Furthermore, it is shown that the solution of the non-isothermal model is accurately approximated by analytical expressions obtained from a so-called quasi-isothermal approach. This new approach yields a similar expression for the cell voltage as derived from the isothermal model. The quasi-isothermal approach is also used to make a clear comparison between the isothermal and the non-isothermal fuel cell model.     

Regulatory T Cell Depletion Using a CRISPR Fc-Optimized CD25 Antibody

Regulatory T cells (T_regs) are major drivers behind immunosuppressive mechanisms and present a major hurdle for cancer therapy. T_regs are characterized by a high expression of CD25, which is a potentially valuable target for T_reg depletion to alleviate immune suppression. The preclinical anti-CD25 (αCD25) antibody, clone PC-61, has met with modest anti-tumor activity due to its capacity to clear T_regs from the circulation and lymph nodes, but not those that reside in the tumor. The optimization of the Fc domain of this antibody clone has been shown to enhance the intratumoral T_reg depletion capacity. Here, we generated a stable cell line that produced optimized recombinant T_reg-depleting antibodies. A genome engineering strategy in which CRISPR-Cas9 was combined with homology-directed repair (CRISPR-HDR) was utilized to optimize the Fc domain of the hybridoma PC-61 for effector functions by switching it from its original rat IgG1 to a mouse IgG2a isotype. In a syngeneic tumor mouse model, the resulting αCD25-m2a (mouse IgG2a isotype) antibody mediated the effective depletion of tumor-resident T_regs, leading to a high effector T cell (T_eff) to T_reg ratio. Moreover, a combination of αCD25-m2a and an αPD-L1 treatment augmented tumor eradication in mice, demonstrating the potential for αCD25 as a cancer immunotherapy.     

Behavioral contrast in pigeons depends upon the operant.

Reinforced 3 male Carneaux pigeons for depressing a foot treadle according to multiple VI/VI schedules. After rates of responding stabilized, the schedule in 1 component was changed to extinction. This manipulation resulted in either no change or a decrease in rate of responding in the unchanged component. The Ss were then reinforced for key pecking under the same procedure. When key pecking was the operant, the experimental manipulation resulted in behavioral contrast. Results are discussed in terms of Pavlovian * Instrumental interactions. (17 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessment of shear capacity of adhesive anchors for structures using neural network based model

In this study, an artificial neural network (NN) based explicit formulation for predicting the edge breakout shear capacity of single adhesive anchors post-installed into concrete member was proposed. To this aim, a comprehensive experimental database of 98 specimens tested in shear was used to train and test NN model as well as to assess the accuracy of the existing equations given by American Concrete Institute and prestressed/precast concrete Institute. Moreover, the proposed NN model was compared with another existing model which had been derived from gene expression programming by the authors in a previous study. The prediction parameters utilized for derivation of the model were anchor diameter, type of anchor, edge distance, embedment depth, clear clearance of the anchor, type of chemical adhesive, method of injection of the chemical, and compressive strength of the concrete. The proposed model yielded correlation coefficients of 0.983 and 0.984 for training and testing data sets, respectively. It was found that the predictions obtained from NN agreed well with experimental observations, yielding approximately 5 % mean absolute percent error. Moreover, in comparison to the existing models, the proposed NN model had all of the predicted values in ±20 % error bands while the others estimated up to %160 error.     

如何用布草赢得忠实的长期宾客

<正>无论是出差还是旅行,每位宾客都希望入住的酒店给人以宾至如归的舒适感。事实上,研究表明,无论是入住豪华度假村、经济型酒店还是介于两者之间的酒店,顾客都很重视客房质量。Gallup 2014年酒店业研究发现,宾客愿意花更多钱享受更好的服务,例如,互联网连接、舒适的床铺和快速的客户服务。该研究还发现,宾客首次入住的质量对他们今后预