NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AN OSCILLATING FLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN THE VICINITY OF A PLANE WALL

Oscillating flow around a circular cylinder in the vicinity of a plane wall was investigated by solving the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with a finite element Galarkin residual method. The effect of the gap G/D between the cylinder surface and the wall on the flow behavior was studied. For the case of G/D 〈 0.25, the periodicity in the flow is attributed to both the outer shear layer instability and the oscillating frequency. As G/D 〉 0.25, vortex shedding occurs and the periodicity in the flow is mainly due to the competition of the oscillating frcqucncy and the vortex shedding frequency from an isolated stationary cylinder.     

Towards automation of colour/weave selection in Jacquard designs: model verification through visual assessment

A geometric model combined with a colour model to predict the colour contribution of each pre-coloured yarn in terms of colour attributes of each area of a Jacquard pattern was developed. To validate the predicted calculations (colorimetric data), a visual assessment experiment was conducted to evaluate the difference between predicted and the actual colour appearance of the woven pattern. The results from the psychophysical evaluation of the woven samples and their predicted colour values showed high correlation between the predicted and experimental data. Therefore, the model has potential to eliminate subjective evaluations and reduce prototype sample production by automating the process of weave/colour simulation.     

Towards automation of color/weave selection in Jacquard design: Model verification

Jacquard woven fabrics are made from colored yarns and different weaves for designing complex pictorial and other patterning effects. The final visualized color effect is the result of assigning weave designs to different areas of the pattern to be created. The current practice in creating Jacquard woven fabric designs is to produce many samples in a trial‐and‐error attempt to match artwork colors. An ability to simulate accurately the appearance of a design prior to manufacture is highly desirable to reduce trial‐and‐error sample production. No automated accurate digital color methodology is yet available to assist designers in matching the patterned woven fabric to the desired artwork. To achieve this, we developed a geometrical model to predict the color contribution of each yarn on the face of the fabric. The geometrical model combined with a Kubelka‐Munk based color mixing model allowed the prediction of the reflectance properties of the final color for a given design. We compared the predicted and experimental values of the reflectance properties for a range of fabrics using the same geometric model with three separate color mixing models. The geometrical model combined with a log‐based color mixing model produced reasonable agreement between predicted and measured ΔE_ab, with an average ΔE_ab of approximately five. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 225–232, 2009     

Route instructions in map-based human–human and human–computer dialogue: A comparative analysis

When conveying information about spatial situations and goals, speakers adapt flexibly to their addressee in order to reach the communicative goal efficiently and effortlessly. Our aim is to equip a dialogue system with the abilities required for such a natural, adaptive dialogue. In this paper we investigate the strategies people use to convey route information in relation to a map by presenting two parallel studies involving human–human and human–computer interaction. We compare the instructions given to a human interaction partner with those given to a dialogue system which reacts by basic verbal responses and dynamic visualization of the route in the map. The language produced by human route givers is analyzed with respect to a range of communicative as well as cognitively crucial features, particularly perspective choice and references to locations across levels of granularity. Results reveal that speakers produce systematically different instructions with respect to these features, depending on the nature of the interaction partner, human or dialogue system. Our further analysis of clarification and reference resolution strategies produced by human route followers provides insights into dialogue strategies that future systems should be equipped with.     

Rennet Effects and Partitioning of Bacterial Cultures During Quarg Cheese Manufacture

Quarg was prepared with or without milk heating or rennet addition using yogurt, acidophilus, and buttermilk cultures. Total solids and protein contents in the quarg cheeses were 17.4-34.7% and 7.4-15.0%, respectively, depending on process conditions. Rennet addition increased the total solids content, especially when unheated milk was used; however, the corrected (18% T.S.) yield was unaffected. Yogurt culture resulted in the shortest incubation time (3.8-4.6 hr), while the acidophilus culture alone was unsuitable. After whey separation, the concentration of bacteria from all three cultures were higher in the quarg (8.48-9.05 log CFU/g) than in the whey (5.92-7.90 log CFU/ g) using either centrifuge or gravity filtration methods.     

Study of Band Structure Properties of Pnictide LaO1−xF x FeAs (x = 0, 0.2) Superconducting Compound

This paper reports on the band structure properties and changes in band structure of fluorine-doped LaO_1?x F _x FeAs (x = 0, 0.2) compound, measured using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The band structure of the superconducting compound is compared with nonsuperconducting parent compound LaOFeAs. With fluorine doping, a shift of the shallow core level is observed in XPS spectra, which may be a response of the band structure due to fluorine doping in the system. The balance of the chemical potential shift with the screening effect of conduction electrons near the Fe and As ions is discussed using nearly unchanged Fe 2p and As 3d core-level spectra. The La 3d core-level spectra shift towards the high energy, ～0.36 eV, may be due to the chemical potential shift caused by fluorine doping. In our valence band spectra, a small peak at around 0.2 eV is observed, which disappeared with the fluorine doping in the system, indicating a change of Fe 3d state from low spin to high spin states and also confirming the nature of Fe 3d electrons as itinerant, which is responsible for superconductivity in these compounds.     

眼镜遮挡下的正面人脸识别

针对眼镜遮档对人脸识别影响较大这一问题,提出一种从正面人脸图像中提取并摘除眼镜的方法。首先利用主成分分析和独立成分分析法对输入的戴眼镜人脸进行重建,对比重建人脸和输入人脸,从而提取眼镜遮档区域;然后经过迭代误差补偿合成相应的无眼镜人脸;最后考虑到合成图像的特殊性,使用改进的特征加权方法实现人脸识别。实验结果表明,利用提出的人脸重建和特征加权方法进行戴眼镜人脸识别,正确率可以达到91%,优于传统方法。     

Kinetics of Solids Leaching During Rehydration of Particulate Dry Vegetables

ABSTRACT: Air-dried and freeze-dried carrots were rehydrated in a computerized mixing system, and the medium was analyzed for sugar content with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and for total organic carbon (TOC). Leaching of solids was significant at very short rehydration time. Understanding the mechanism of the leaching process could provide information required for simulation. TOC values were significantly higher than those derived by HPLC, indicating that other organic components were extracted. The difference between TOC and HPLC values varied with time, indicating the existence of a different mass transfer rate. Sugars and TOC values followed an exponential behavior. Quantifying solids leaching is important for modeling and simulation of the rehydration process and for product optimization.