On the Design of a High-Performance LSI Circuit Digital Signal Processor for Communication

This paper describes the design of a highly efficient CMOS LSI circuit digital signal processor (FDSP3). To realize an operating cycle rate of 10 MHz and a throughput rate of 0.6 μs per second-order filter section, considerable care has been paid to the design of software structures and hardware circuitry. Basic program routines and some application examples are also shown. These examples illustrate the high efficiency of the developed DSP device.     

Histogenetic stereological reconstruction of rat basophilic, clear, and oncocytic neoplastic renal cell lesions using carbonic anhydrase type II-PAS double-stained sections

The histogenesis of 3 types of rat renal cell tumors (basophilic cell, clear cell, and oncocytic) was stereologically analyzed, with particular attention paid to transitions from normal tubules. Early nitrosamine-induced preneoplastic lesions, including dysplastic tubules (altered tubules), epithelial hyperplasias, and small adenomas, were reconstructed using serially sectioned specimens processed for carbonic anhydrase type II (CA) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) (CA-PAS) double staining to allow easier distinction of the nephron segments: Proximal tubules had a PAS-positive brush border and were weakly positive for CA in the cytoplasm; distal tubules were PAS negative and weakly positive for CA; collecting ducts were PAS negative and strongly positive for CA. Similarly, cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx) and CytOx-PAS double staining was also applied to confirm the character of oncocytic lesions. All basophilic lesions (7 of 7) showed transition to proximal tubules. Clear cell lesions positive for CA, on the other hand, showed transition to distal tubules in 4 of 9 (44.4%) lesions and to collecting ducts in 4 of 9 (44.4%) lesions, but in only 1 of 9 (11%) to a proximal tubule. All oncocytic lesions (16 of 16), characterized by positivity for both CA and CytOx, showed transition to collecting ducts. The results indicate that the origins of renal cell neoplasia are proximal tubules for the basophilic cell lesions, either proximal or distal tubules for their clear cell counterparts, and collecting ducts for oncocytic lesions.     

Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MRI of whole liver using spectrally selected enhanced fast gradient recall sequence]

Although scribing has been used in ophthalmology for many years, the real benefits could not be realized until the entry of managed care into medicine in the United States. Everyone benefits in an office that uses scribes. The patient and the physician benefit by having a record that is much closer to being complete. The technician benefits as a result of becoming a pivotal reference for every patient encounter.     

Prolongation of total permissible circulatory arrest duration by deep hypothermic intermittent circulatory arrest

Single-headed myosin was prepared by digestion of porcine aorta smooth muscle myosin with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease in the presence of actin. The single-headed myosin preparation contained intact light chains, a rod fragment of a heavy chain, and a heavy chain of which only a minor fraction contained a nick in the head segment. Below 0.2 M NaCl, the single-headed myosin showed a decrease in Ca2+-ATPase activity and an increase in the elution time on gel filtration HPLC in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, indicating a phosphorylation-dependent conformational transition between the extended and folded forms. These conformations were confirmed by electron microscopic observation of rotary-shadowed samples of single-headed myosin. However, the conformational transition of single-headed myosin occurred in a narrower range with lower salt concentrations than that of double-headed myosin. The filament assembly of single-headed myosin was thus facilitated and phosphorylation-independent. The single-headed myosin also showed high actin-activated ATPase activity independent of phosphorylation. These results indicate that the two-headed structure of smooth muscle myosin is not essential for the conformational transition, but is required for the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of enzymatic activity and filament assembly.     

Characterization of high- and low-molecular weight zinc-dependent acid phosphatases in bovine liver

We have purified two forms of Zn2+-dependent acid phosphatase (Zn2+-APase) from bovine liver, both of which require Zn2+ to hydrolyze the substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate in an acidic environment. The apparent molecular weights of these two forms of Zn2+-APase were estimated to be about 100,000 and 62,000 by gel filtration, and about 44,000 and 31,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively. The low-molecular weight (LMW) Zn2+-APase catalyzed the hydrolysis of myo-inositol-1-phosphate in the presence of 3 mM Mg2+ at physiological pH, but the high-molecular weight (HMW) enzyme did not. The LMW-Zn2+-APase of bovine liver was recognized by polyclonal antibodies developed against the Zn2+-APase of bovine brain, but the HMW-Zn2+-APase was not.     

Simultaneous Edge‐on to Face‐on Reorientation and 1D Alignment of Small π‐Conjugated Molecules Using Room‐Temperature Mechanical Rubbing

In this study, room‐temperature mechanical rubbing is used to control the 3D orientation of small π‐conjugated molecular systems in solution‐processed polycrystalline thin films without using any alignment substrate. High absorption dichroic ratio and significant anisotropy in charge carrier mobilities (up to 130) measured in transistor configuration are obtained in rubbed organic films based on the ambipolar quinoidal quaterthiophene (QQT(CN)4). Moreover, a solvent vapor annealing treatment of the rubbed film is found to improve the optical and charge transport anisotropy due to an increased crystallinity. X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements demonstrate that rubbing does not only lead to an excellent 1D orientation of the QQT(CN)4 molecules over large areas but also modifies the orientation of the crystals, moving molecules from an edge‐on to a face‐on configuration. The reasons why a mechanical alignment technique can be used at room temperature for such a polycrystalline film are rationalized, by the plastic characteristics of the QQT(CN)4 layer and the role of the flexible alkyl side chains in the molecular packing. This nearly complete conversion from edge‐on to face‐on orientation by mechanical treatment in polycrystalline small‐molecule‐based thin films opens perspectives in terms of fundamental research and practical applications in organic optoelectronics.     

Topology optimization of supporting structure for seismic response reduction of an arch

A flexible supporting structure that reduces seismic response of an arch is proposed. Topology and cross-sectional areas of the supporting structure modeled as a truss structure are optimized through two steps of static and dynamic optimization problems. In the first step, a flexible supporting structure that has diagonal displacement at the top under horizontal load is obtained by solving static optimization problems. Then, in the second step, the cross-sectional area of the flexible member is optimized to minimize the seismic response acceleration of the arch evaluated by the complete quadratic combination (CQC) method. Time-history seismic response analysis is carried out to show that the response in the normal direction of the roof successfully decreases due to flexibility of the supporting structure; in addition, installing passive energy dissipation devices into the flexible supporting structure is very effective in reducing the tangential response of the arch.     

Investigation of the arrangement of oxide ion vacancies and their effect on the crystal structure of BaFe0.9In0.1O3−δ

The crystal structure of BaFe_0.9In_0.1O_3−δ, which was prepared via heating in N₂ (BFI010-N₂), was evaluated using high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) at room temperature and 700°C. Although the crystal structure of BFI010-N₂ at room temperature was assigned to a cubic perovskite-type structure based on the XRD results, the CBED patterns indicated that the space group of its crystal structure was not (No. 221), which corresponds to an ideal cubic perovskite. When the temperature was increased to 700°C, the symmetries for the space group of cubic perovskite were directly observed by means of in situ CBED, indicating that the partial ordering and/or clustering of oxide ion vacancies in the BFI010-N₂ vanished and that the oxide ion vacancy arrangements became completely random. The change in crystal symmetry agreed with a sudden decrease in the activation energy of oxide ion conduction at 600°C. The crystal symmetry of the BaFe_0.9In_0.1O_3−δ sample that was prepared via heating in O₂ (BFI010-O₂) and had a decreased δ value was compared with that of the BFI010-N₂ sample. It was concluded that the same phase transition also occurred by a decrease in δ, similar to phase transitions caused by increasing the temperature.