Temporal resolution of the skin impedance measurement in frequency-domain method

The temporal-resolution of the frequency-domain method for the identification of the impedance locus depends on the basis frequency used in the current waveform construction, i.e., the higher basis frequency provides the better temporal resolution. The impedance locus can be characterized by the impedance parameters Z0, beta, and taum. The frequency distribution of limited number of data in the impedance locus would affect the accuracy of the estimated impedance parameters. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the estimation accuracy of the impedance parameters and the frequency coverage of the impedance locus in relatively low to high impedance conditions (dc impedance Z0= 51 k ohms - 45 M ohms). As the basis frequency, 100 Hz was enough for the usual impedance with Z0 less than 203 k ohms. On the other hand, 10 Hz and 1 Hz were required for the medium-level (Z0 = 517 k ohms), and high-level (Z0 = 45 M ohms) impedance, respectively. The required basis frequency, accordingly the temporal resolution, depended much on the central relaxation time taum which affects the frequency distribution on the impedance locus. The results of this study are expected to serve as the reference of the frequency selection in the frequency-domain analysis of the skin impedance.     

Glass Substrates for OLED Lighting with High Out-coupling Efficiency

Glass substrates which realize high out-coupling efficiency OLEDs （organic light emitting diodes） were developed. A scattering layer whose matrix was made of high refractive index glass was formed on a glass substrate, and pores in the glass matrix work as scattering centers. The out-coupling efficiency of an OLED using this substrate is 1.8 times higher compared with an OLED using an untreated glass substrate. Furthermore angular dependency of the color and color variation between panels can be successfully suppressed.     

Effects of fly ash in composites fabricated by injection molding

In this study, the effects of fly ash in composites fabricated by injection molding are examined. Taguchi design of experiment was first utilized to estimate the effects different injection molding conditions and content ratios of fly ash have on a linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)‐fly ash composite. The results reveal that the content of fly ash is highly significant and contributive to the shrinkage ratio and bending strength. For these reasons, LLDPE and polypropylene (PP) composites with different size particles of fly ash were fabricated and the mechanical properties were investigated. The particle size was changed by grinding fly ash with a planetarium ball mill. The shrinkage ratio, bending strength and flexural modulus of LLDPE composites containing raw fly ash were found to improve. The shrinkage ratio and flexural modulus of PP composites containing ground fly ash were also found to improve. Homogenization analysis using the finite element method was then used to calculate the Von Mises stress distributions and homogenized elastic matrix of PP composites containing ground fly ash. The homogenized elastic matrix was used to validate the experimental flexural modulus. The results show that the homogenized elastic matrix is in good agreement with the experimental flexural modulus. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Female Sex Pheromone of a Carpenter Moth, Cossus insularis (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

This study describes the identification of a sex pheromone component of a cossid moth, Cossus insularis. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) analysis of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) collections of volatiles released by live female moths showed that two compounds elicited EAG responses from the antennae of male moths. These compounds were identified as (E)-3-tetradecenyl acetate (E3-14:Ac) and (Z)-3-tetradecenyl acetate (Z3-14:Ac) by mass spectral analysis and retention index comparisons with synthetic standards. The ratio of E3-14:Ac and Z3-14:Ac was 95:5 in the effluvia of a female. In field bioassays, sticky traps baited with blends of E3-14:Ac and Z3-14:Ac showed that E3-14:Ac is an essential component of the pheromone. However, the role of Z3-14:Ac is unclear, because E3-14:Ac as a single component was as attractive to male moths as blends of E3-14:Ac and Z3-14:Ac, including the 95:5 blend released by live female moths.