Porous glass-ceramics with a skeleton of the fast-lithium-conducting crystal Li1+ x Ti2− x Al x (PO4)3 (where x = 0.3–0.5) were prepared by crystallization of glasses in the Li2O─CaO─TiO2─Al2O3–P2O5 system and subsequent acid leaching of the resulting dense glass-ceramics composed of the interlocking of Li1+ x Ti2− x Al x (PO4)3 and β-Ca3(PO4)2 phases. The median pore diameter and surface area of the resulting porous Li1+ x Ti2− x Al x (PO4)3 glass-ceramics were approximately 0.2 μm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the porous glass-ceramics after heating in LiNO3 aqueous solution was 8 × 10−5 S/cm at 300 K or 2 × 10−2 S/cm at 600 K. 相似文献
A soluble and stable one-handed helical conjugated polymer without the coexistence of any other chiral moieties was successfully synthesized by asymmetric-induced polymerization of a chiral monomer having two hydroxyl groups followed by desubstitution of the chiral groups in a solid membrane state. The reason for the success was the polymer reaction was carried out in the membrane state. This is an alternative method to obtain such a unique chiral polymer which was obtained only by the helix-sense-selective polymerization (HSSP) we reported before. In addition the efficiency of the chiral induction was higher than that of the HSSP. It is interesting that the “Membrane state” acted like as if a protecting group. 相似文献
The radiation-induced surface activation (RISA) effect will be applied to the core design in supercritical light water reactor (SCWR) in order to achieve a high performance with excellent economy and safety. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the RISA effect in the candidate fuel cladding materials in SCWR such as PNC1520. The change of weldability due to RISA effect and the related microstructure analysis were performed in oxidized PNC1520 and 304 stainless steel with various oxidization periods. The phases contained in the surface oxide layer of the present specimen were identified as Fe2CrO4, γ-Fe2O3, and Fe2O3. The lifetime of 13.8 days for wettability improving factor was confirmed in the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Meanwhile, the long life of 13.8 days and short life of 0.8 days for wettability improving factors were identified in the γ-ray irradiation. Based on the fact that the band gap energies of Fe2CrO4, γ-Fe2O3, and Fe2O3 were, respectively, 2.1, 2.0, and 2.2 eV, and the photo energies of UV and γ-ray irradiation were 4.48 eV and 13.3 MeV, it is therefore clarified that the hydrophilization on the oxide layer is ascribed to the RISA effect. 相似文献
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - A two-step plasma arc melting process, comprising a first step under Ar-30 pct H2 gas flow and the second step under Ar gas flow, has been... 相似文献
A study of the pyrolysis of an aqueous solution of manganese nitrate in the presence of silver compounds has been carried out. Thermal analysis showed that the MnO2 formation temperature and the transformation temperature from MnO2 to Mn2O3 shifted towards a lower temperature in the presence of silver acetate. A large particle-size and high crystallinity MnO2 was formed; this may be a useful method of making an excellent tantalum capacitor with high capacitance. 相似文献
In this work, we focus on the fabrication of cubic GaN based Schottky-barrier devices (SBDs) and measured current voltage (I-V) characteristics and the critical field for electronic breakdown. Phase-pure cubic GaN and c-AlxGa1 − xN/GaN structures were grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on 200 μm thick free-standing 3C-SiC (1 0 0) substrates, which were produced by HOYA Advanced Semiconductor Technologies Co., Ltd. The thickness of the c-GaN and c-Al0.3Ga0.7N epilayers were about 600 and 30 nm, respectively. Ni/In Schottky contacts 300 μm in diameter were produced on c-GaN and c-Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN structures by thermal evaporation using contact lithography. A clear rectifying behavior was measured in our SBDs and the I-V behavior was analyzed in detail, indicating the formation of a thin surface barrier at the Ni-GaN interface. Annealing of the Ni Schottky contacts in air at 200 °C reduces the leakage current by three orders of magnitude. The doping density dependence of breakdown voltages derived from the reverse breakdown voltage characteristics of c-GaN SBDs is investigated. The experimental values of breakdown voltage in c-GaN are in good agreement with theoretical values and show the same dependence on doping level as in hexagonal GaN. From our experimental data, we extrapolate a blocking voltage of 600 V in c-GaN films with a doping level ND = 5 × 1015 cm−3. 相似文献
By using structural equations, we investigated the effect of chronic stress on salivary cortisol rhythm and proposed a causal model of chronic stress by using psychosocial and physiological data. First, 111 healthy workers (48 males, 63 females) completed questionnaires on chronic stress and lifestyle habits. Then, they provided saliva samples and answered questionnaires that were prepared to assess their psychological states 5 times (on waking up and at 10:00, 11:40, 14:00, and 16:00) on workdays. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that chronic stress and longer commuting time resulted in sleep irregularities and this disrupted the cortisol circadian rhythm. This suggests that chronic stress disrupts the cortisol circadian rhythm even in healthy individuals, and sleep regularity mediates the effect of chronic stress on the cortisol rhythm.
Boronized layer on steel is known to be formed by thermal diffusion of boron into the surface of steel improving corrosion-erosion resistant properties. Boronizing is carried out at temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 1050 °C and takes from one to several hours. There is one problem in this process, however, that the structure and properties of the base material are influenced considerably by the high temperature and long time of treatment. In order to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks of pack boronizing and laser-assisted boronizing, a better way is to activate the pack boronizing media and the workpiece with a high density power. The laser boronizing processes do not change the properties of the base material. In this study, the effect of laser characteristics was examined on the laser boronizing of carbon steel. After laser boronizing, the microstructure of the boride layer was analysed with an optical microscope and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The mechanical properties of borided layer are evaluated using Vickers hardness tester and sand erosion tester. Results showed that the boride layer was composed of FeB and Fe2B with thickness ranging 200-300 μm. The laser boronizing process did not change the properties of the base material. 相似文献
Precious metals (Pt and Pd) and rare earth elements (Ce in the form of CeO2) are typical materials for heterogeneous exhaust‐gas catalysts in automotive systems. However, their limited resources and high market‐driven prices are principal issues in realizing the path toward a more sustainable society. In this regard, herein, a nanoporous NiCuMnO catalyst, which is both abundant and durable, is synthesized by one‐step free dealloying. The catalyst thus developed exhibits catalytic activity and durability for NO reduction and CO oxidation. Microstructure characterization indicates a distinct structural feature: catalytically active Cu/CuO regions are tangled with a stable nanoporous NiMnO network after activation. The results obtained by in situ transmission electron microscopy during NO reduction clearly capture the unique reaction‐induced self‐transformation of the nanostructure. This finding can possibly pave the way for the design of new catalysts for the conversion of exhaust gas based on the element strategy. 相似文献