Apparatus to measure flow and sample duodenal contents in calves.

A simple and inexpensive apparatus, requiring minimum labor to operate, was designed to measure flow and sample duodenal contents in young dairy calves. This apparatus simulated normal physiological conditions and was used satisfactorily under varied experimental conditions.     

Differential Associations of Dispositional Optimism and Pessimism With Coping, Goal Attainment, and Emotional Adjustment During Sport Competition.

This study examined the associations of dispositional optimism and pessimism with athletes' coping, goal attainment, and affective states during a sport competition. Results of path analyses showed that dispositional optimism and pessimism correlated differently with coping and affective variables. Mediating analyses indicated that task-oriented coping partially mediated the relationship of optimism with postcompetition positive affective state, whereas disengagement-oriented coping fully mediated the relationship of pessimism with postcompetition anger/dejection. Ancillary hierarchical regressions also indicated that distraction-oriented coping may lead to positive outcomes when used in concordance with task-oriented coping. Overall, these results lent credence to the utility of a bidimensional model of optimism and pessimism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 59 strains of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus

The susceptibilities of 59 Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus isolates to eight antibiotics were studied by the agar dilution, E-test, and disk diffusion methods. None of the isolates were beta-lactamase producers. All were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, imipenem, and meropenem as determined by the three methods, with MICs at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC90s) (determined by agar dilution) of 2, 1, < or = 0.06, and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, with complete agreement between the agar dilution and disk diffusion results. The MIC90s determined by agar dilution were 2 micrograms/ml for erythromycin, 1 microgram/ml for ciprofloxacin, and 8 micrograms/ml for cefotaxime.     

Hybrid graphene-quantum dot phototransistors with ultrahigh gain

Graphene is an attractive material for optoelectronics and photodetection applications because it offers a broad spectral bandwidth and fast response times. However, weak light absorption and the absence of a gain mechanism that can generate multiple charge carriers from one incident photon have limited the responsivity of graphene-based photodetectors to ～10(-2)?A?W(-1). Here, we demonstrate a gain of ～10(8) electrons per photon and a responsivity of ～10(7)?A?W(-1) in a hybrid photodetector that consists of monolayer or bilayer graphene covered with a thin film of colloidal quantum dots. Strong and tunable light absorption in the quantum-dot layer creates electric charges that are transferred to the graphene, where they recirculate many times due to the high charge mobility of graphene and long trapped-charge lifetimes in the quantum-dot layer. The device, with a specific detectivity of 7?×?10(13) Jones, benefits from gate-tunable sensitivity and speed, spectral selectivity from the short-wavelength infrared to the visible, and compatibility with current circuit technologies.     

Conceptual Requirements for Large Fusion Experiment Control, Data, Robotics, and Management Systems

The conceptual system requirements for the control, data, robotics, and project management (CDRM) system for the next generation of fusion experiments are developed by drawing on the success of the Tara control and data system. The requirements are described in terms of an integrated but separable matrix of well-defined interfaces among the various systems and subsystems. The study stresses modularity, performance, cost effectiveness, and exportability.     

Factor analysis of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory.

Factor-analyzed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), which conceptualizes masculinity and femininity as 2 independent dimensions rather than using the traditional notion of a single bipolar dimension. BSRI scores from 253 male and female industrial workers, 36 police officers, and 36 nonworking housewives were analyzed. 4 factors were defined: Masculinity, Femininity, Sex of S, and "Mature" Neutral. Since a few "masculine" and "feminine" items from the original version of the BSRI did not load on either factor, a revision of the scale to exclude these items is recommended. However, the results support the contention that masculinity and femininity are more reasonably considered as independent traits rather than as a single bipolar dimension. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

La socialisation des émotions chez le nourrisson: Le r?le du langage maternel.

Investigated the impact of maternal language on infant emotional development during the 1st year. 41 mother-infant dyads participated in 4 episodes of face to face interaction when infants were 1, 2, 6, and 9 mo of age. Analyses of mothers' language indicate that a large proportion of their utterances pertained to infant emotional expressions or states. The referents of maternal language were related to infant behavior at each age level. However, only a few significant correlations were found between mothers' language at 1 and 2 mo and infant emotional expressions at 6 and 9 mo. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measurement and analysis of neutron and gamma-ray emission rates,other fusion products,and power in electrochemical cells having Pd cathodes

Results of experiments intended to reproduce cold fusion phenomena originally reported by Fleischmann, Pons, and Hawkins are presented. These experiments were performed on a pair of matched electrochemical cells containing 0.1×9 cm Pd rods that were operated for 10 days. The cells were analyzed by the following means: (1) constant temperature calorimetry, (2) neutron counting and γ-ray spectroscopy, (3) mass spectral analysis of⁴He in effluent gases, and⁴He and³He within the Pd metal, (4) tritium analysis of the electrolyte solution, and (5) x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the Pd cathode surface. Within estimated levels of accuracy, no excess power output or any other evidence of fusion products was detected.     

Impact of spontaneous synaptic activity on the resting properties of cat neocortical pyramidal neurons In vivo

The frequency of spontaneous synaptic events in vitro is probably lower than in vivo because of the reduced synaptic connectivity present in cortical slices and the lower temperature used during in vitro experiments. Because this reduction in background synaptic activity could modify the integrative properties of cortical neurons, we compared the impact of spontaneous synaptic events on the resting properties of intracellularly recorded pyramidal neurons in vivo and in vitro by blocking synaptic transmission with tetrodotoxin (TTX). The amount of synaptic activity was much lower in brain slices (at 34 degrees C), as the standard deviation of the intracellular signal was 10-17 times lower in vitro than in vivo. Input resistances (Rins) measured in vivo during relatively quiescent epochs ("control Rins") could be reduced by up to 70% during periods of intense spontaneous activity. Further, the control Rins were increased by approximately 30-70% after TTX application in vivo, approaching in vitro values. In contrast, TTX produced negligible Rin changes in vitro (approximately 4%). These results indicate that, compared with the in vitro situation, the background synaptic activity present in intact networks dramatically reduces the electrical compactness of cortical neurons and modifies their integrative properties. The impact of the spontaneous synaptic bombardment should be taken into account when extrapolating in vitro findings to the intact brain.