Optimizing Procedure Calls for Delayed Non-local Execution Protocol

This work originated from the challenge to strengthen a C-like language compiler developed to support the compilation of sleepers, which are tools which allow complete access to the run-time stack in a delayed non-local execution protocol. Sleepers use a specialized form of procedure call, for which the gain in time execution and space memory allocation becomes a crucial need. These two objectives have been attained thanks to a methodology which generalizes the traditional distinction between tail-calls and normal-calls, introducing the orthogonal distinction between calls in which the calling environment is needed after the call site and calls in which it is not. These two dichotomies divide the space of calls into four classes. The strategy described in this paper is a simple and general framework which can be used to optimize the call-procedure statement in C compilers. The paper discusses optimization techniques appropriate to each class in turn, providing code details for SPARC and ALPHA processors.     

Carbon Dioxide and Global Change: Earth in Transition. - S.B.IDSO

The authors have proposed a generalisation of the J-CHART method [1] for a polyvalent modular drying system obtained by multiple simulation of thermal performance of two standard configurations: without recycling the air leaving the dryer, with 50% recycling of the air leaving the dryer and mixing with the air leaving the collectors.

This method, named as “GJ-CHART” is based on the use of charts or polynomial correlations which allows to determine the fraction of monthly average heating load supplied by solar energy and the fraction of monthly average economized energy as function of the two dimensionless parameters. These parameters are related to the standard collector parameters, the data of monthly average radiation, temperature and the estimates of drying loads, which by consequence, allows for a more general use.

The GJ-CHART method was developed for drying 27 kg of apple slices placed in single layers on the trays of the modular dryer. The temperature and the drying air flow rate are 60^°C and 0.09 kg s^-1 respectively. The drying time of a drying operation depends on the configurations of the system used, varying between 12 to 13 hours. According to the assumptions we used and the ways in which the calculations are done, this design method can be generalized to provide a mean for quick estimation of the long-term performance of the partially solar heated polyvalent modular drying system.

Les auteurs proposent, à l'aide de multiples simulations, une généralisation méthode J-CHART [I] de dimensionnement d'un système de séchage modulaire polyvalent valable pour les deux configurations suivantes: sans recyclage de l'air sortant du sèchoir; avec recyclage partiel (50%) et mélange avec l'air sortant des insolateurs.

Cette méthode, baptisée “GJ-ABAQUE”, est basée sur I'utilisation d'abaques ou des relations polynomials qui sen déduisent: ceux-ci permettent de déterminer la couverture solaire mensuelle et la fraction de chaleur de séchage économisée mensuelle à partir de deux couples de paramètres adimensionnels qui les caractérisent respectivement. Ces derniers font intervenir notamment les paramètres standard des insolateurs, les conditions climatiques du site, la surface de captation et la chaleur totale de I'opération de séchage, ce qui permet, par conséquent, une utilisation assez générale.

Les travaux ont porté sur le séchage de 27 kg de rondelles de pommes déposées en couche unique sur des claies, dans un module de séchage, lorsque la temperature de I'air asséchant est de 60^°C et son débit de 0,09 kg s^-1. La durée d'une opération de séchage varie, suivant la configuration retenue, de 12 à 13 heures.     

Bacterial Growth and Volatile Compounds in Yoghurt-Type Products from Soymilk Containing Bifidobacterium ssp

The growth of bacteria normally used to produce yoghurt was compared in soymilk and cow milk. Whether or not Bifidobacterium ssp. was present, fermented soymilks [soyoghurt (S), soyoghurt + bifi-dobacteria (SB)] were less acidic than fermented cow milks [yoghurt (Y), yoghurt + bifidobacteria (YB)]. When bifidobacteria were present (in SB), streptococci were more numerous than lactobacilli. Bifidobacteria in YB stimulated maximal growth of both yoghurt bacteria. In comparison to nonfermented milks, acetaldehyde and diacetyl increased in all cultures. Ethanol increased only in S/SB and acetone was detected only in Y/YB. Quantities of volatile products in Y/'YB were slightly lower than those in Y/S. In all cultures, n-hexanal was almost totally absent.     

Liposomes as Proteinase Carriers for the Accelerated Ripening of Saint-Paulin Type Cheese

The possibility of accelerated cheese ripening through addition of liposome entrapped proteinase to milk was investigated. Both enzyme encapsulation rate in liposomes and their retention in cheese were evaluated with multilamellar vesicles (MLV) and reverse-phase evaporation vesicles (REV). Using REV in Saint-Paulin type curd, no nitrogen loss was observed to the whey due to the added enzymes in liposomes. In cheese, REV produced a more progressive proteolysis during ripening than MLV did. REV addition did not lead to texture defects. Bitterness development, a critical defect in enzyme added cheese, could be delayed and minimized using REV.     

Ultrasonic Technique For Measuring Phase Holdups In Multiphase Systems

An ultrasonic technique is being developed to detect the dispersed phase holdups in multiphase systems. This technique is based on the fact that the transmission time and attenuation of ultrasound in suspensions differ from those in pure liquids. Experiments were carried out at three probe gap spacing, (2.04, 4.27, and 6.31 cm) in a fluidized bed of 7.6 cm diameter. Water was used as the continuous phase and air and 500 μm glass beads as the dispersed phases. The time-averaged amplitude ratio decays exponentially with gas and solid holdups, whereas the transmission time increases slightly with gas holdup but decreases with solid holdup. It is also observed, for the first time, that the fluctuations of the instantaneous ultrasonic signals can be correlated with the solid and gas holdups in a multiphase system. This correlation may provide a basis for the development of a new approach for phase holdup analysis in multiphase flow systems.     

Gas exchange in modified atmosphere packaging. 1: A new theoretical approach for micro-perforated packs

Gas transport and exchange through the perforations in micro-perforated packs used in modified atmosphere packaging were numerically modelled by using Stephan-Maxwell laws, and, outside these perforations, by Fick's law. the model accounts simultaneously for oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon and water vapour. Fruit and vegetable respiration was approximated by Michaelis-Menten kinetics depending on oxygen concentration with an uncompetitive inhibition due to carbon dioxide. Concentration equilibrium was reached after 2 to 3 days, depending on the void volume and on the diffusion properties of the packs. the equilibrium concentrations were dependent on the number of perforations, their diameter, the thickness of the film and the temperature. However, a pack which makes 10% oxygen possible within the pack at 10°C might induce anaerobiosis at 20°C.     

1H-NMR study of bovine myoglobin autoxidation. Influence of muscle type and time post mortem

¹H NMR spectroscopy was used to determine first order rate constants at four temperatures (300, 304, 308, 312 K) and activation energies of the autoxidation reaction for oxymyoglobin. the haeminic pigment was purified from two bovine muscles with different colour stabilities ( psoas major (PM) and longissimus lumborum (LL)) at 2h (day 0) and 192 h (day 8) post mortem. to characterize this autoxidation reaction, we have focused attention on the time-temperature dependent disappearance of the Val-E11 methyl group signal. This study showed that, whatever the time post mortem , although the myoglobin autoxidation rate was greater for PM than for LL muscle, the activation energies were similar. It was also worth noting that, in the range 300–312 K, the average ratio of autoxidation rate constants between day 8 and day 0 was near 1.6 for the two muscles studied. It is reasonable to think that oxidative processes developed during 8 days meat storage have led to a structural change within the cavity of the heme pocket of the myoglobins. Moreover, only one orientation of the porphyrin within the heme pocket was noted for the two muscles studied.     

科学传播的挑战：“欧洲研究区域”

本文通过2005年在欧洲32个国家进行的公众民意调查结果显示,反映了当今欧洲公民认知科学和技术的方法。文章还将此次调查与美国和中国近来开展的类似调查进行了比较。在此背景下,文章提出了当前欧洲科学传播面临的挑战和困难。文中还就欧洲委员会(EC)近期为了推进整体传播,以及科学传播所开展的活动进行了介绍。欧洲委员会研究理事会正积极参与到将欧洲委员会资助的研究项目成果传播给媒体和一般公众的活动当中。为了使得研究工作的目标和结果能够通过有效的信息流获得公开,研究项目协调人和团队领导人得到了各种支持和帮助。文中还提到了欧洲委员会用以加强对研究成果进行传播的具体措施,如在布鲁塞尔召开的“2005欧洲研究传播”会议。     

Whey Changes during Processing Determined by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

We assessed the potential application of near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometry using a remote optic fiber probe for the development of calibrations. We evaluated the heat denaturation of whey proteins, the chemical composition of a whey protein concentrate (WPC) during production, and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of whey proteins during trypsin hydrolysis. Partial least square (PLS) calibrations were developed for these applications and were related to a variety of products and processing conditions, so as to increase their reliability. NIR has potential applications in real time analysis for whey processing lines.     

Thomas K. Landauer / The Trouble with Computers: Usefulness,Usability, and Productivity

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction -