On the development of a confocal Rayleigh-Brillouin microscope

This Note illustrates how a confocal microscope may be modified to conduct Rayleigh-Brillouin mapping experiments that yield very useful information on the mechanical properties of interfacial materials in small volume elements. While the modifications to the microscope are quite straightforward, they do entail significant changes in the optical design. The instrument described herein consists of an argon ion laser equipped with an actively stabilized intercavity etalon that serves as the excitation source for a modified Zeiss LSM 310 confocal laser scan microscope. The optics of the microscope were reconfigured to enable interfacing of the microscope with a tandem triple-pass Fabry-Perot interferometer. This instrument enables three-dimensional Rayleigh-Brillouin spectral mapping of samples at micron spatial resolution. The performance of the instrument and its ability to perform both lateral and depth scans of the acoustic phonon velocity and, hence, the longitudinal modulus across bonded polymer/polymer and polymer/ceramic interfaces are illustrated and discussed.     

Discovery of a competitive apelin receptor (APJ) antagonist

The apelin receptor (APJ) is a class A G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) and is a putative target for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Apelin‐13 (NH₂‐QRPRLSHKGPMPF‐COOH) is a vasoactive peptide and one of the most potent endogenous inotropic agents identified to date. We report the design and discovery of a novel APJ antagonist. By using a bivalent ligand approach, we have designed compounds with two ′affinity′ motifs and a short series of linker groups with different conformational and non‐bonded interaction properties. One of these, cyclo(1–6)CRPRLC‐KH‐cyclo(9–14)CRPRLC is a competitive antagonist at APJ. Radioligand binding in CHO cells transfected with human APJ gave a K_i value of 82 nM , competition binding in human left ventricle gave a K_D value of 3.2 μM , and cAMP accumulation assays in CHO‐K1‐APJ cells gave a K_D value of 1.32 μM .     

Exploiting binary functionality in quaternary look-up tables for increased functional density in multiple-valued logic FPGAs

A full adder is used to demonstrate a programming technique using binary functionality for increased functional density in quaternary look-up table-based field programmable gated arrays (FPGAs). The potential inefficiencies of using quaternary level functionality for these architectures are also illustrated.     

The influence of interactional semantic patterns on the interpretation of noun–noun compounds.

The CARIN theory (C. L. Gagné & E. J. Shoben, 1997) proposes that people use statistical knowledge about the relations with which modifiers are typically used to facilitate the interpretation of modifier–noun combinations. However, research on semantic patterns in compounding has suggested that regularities tend to be associated with pairings of semantic categories, rather than individual concepts (e.g., P. Maguire, E. J. Wisniewski, & G. Storms, in press; B. Warren, 1978). In the present study, the authors investigated whether people are sensitive to interactional semantic patterns in compounding. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the influence of a given modifier on ease of interpretation varies depending on the semantic category of the head. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the relation preference of the head noun influences ease of interpretation when the semantic category of the modifier is compatible with that preference. In light of these findings, the authors suggest that people are sensitive to how different semantic categories tend to be paired in combination and that this information is used to facilitate the interpretation process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Familiness as a form of value for wineries: a preliminary account

Based on a small, exploratory study of three family-owned wineries in Victoria, Australia, the article examines how ‘familiness’ is constructed as a form of value. Drawing on work in cultural economy and economic sociology, we propose that familiness can be best understood as the outcome of a process of qualification that mediates between a winery's actual repertoire of properties and its cultural reception through the selective framing and legitimizing of family-related product properties as worthy points of attachment. There were five major themes around which the notion of family was clustered in the narratives of winery representatives and in winery marketing material: family as a key dimension of marketing strategy; the day-to-day involvement of family; the winery's family heritage; family as a symbolic quality; and the brand as family. Based on these findings, we argue that familiness may involve both indexical and iconic cues, that the material family is only one element in the construction of familiness as a form of value, and that familiness is legitimized as a point of attachment for consumers and employees through reference to authenticity, among other discourses.     

Linking parents' work pressure and adolescents' well being: Insights into dynamics in dual earner families.

This study focused on the connections between mothers' and fathers' work pressure and the psychological adjustment of their older (15 yrs) and younger (12.5 yrs) adolescent offspring in a sample of 190 dual-earner families. Structural equation models revealed that the effects of work pressure on adolescent we-being were mediated by parental role overload and parent–adolescent conflict. Work–family linkages were similar for mothers and fathers with one exception: Fathers' work pressure predicted both parents' feelings of role overload, whereas mothers' work pressure predicted only their own overload, not their spouses'. The patterns of association were consistent for older and younger adolescent siblings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Primary mucinous carcinomas of the skin express TFF1, TFF3, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptors

Mucinous carcinoma may present at various sites, including the breast and the gastrointestinal tract. Rarely, such tumors arise within the skin. Comparatively, breast lesions are relatively common and usually associated with a good prognosis. When pure, they are typically estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive and responsive to tamoxifen. The authors studied 12 mucinous carcinomas of the skin and compared the morphology with that of typical mammary lesions. The authors also evaluated for expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the mucus-associated peptides of the trefoil factor family (TFF), TFF1 (formerly pS2) and TFF2 (formerly SP), using immunohistochemistry. The localization of mRNAs for TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 (formally ITF) was also studied in a subset of three tumors, using in-situ hybridization with S35 labeled riboprobes. The Grimelius stain was used to look for evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation. Eight resembled type A mucinous carcinomas of the breast, two resembled type B, and one had composite features. The 12th was a papillary neoplasm. The two type B tumors exhibited argyrophilia. All showed strong nuclear staining with the estrogen receptor antibody but a more varied pattern with antibodies to progesterone receptor and TFF1. None labeled for TFF2. The detection of TFF1 in mammalian skin is a novel finding. Cutaneous mucinous carcinoma shows strong similarities to its mammary counterpart, including expression of estrogen receptor, TFF1, and TFF3 mRNA. These observations suggest that some mucinous carcinomas of the skin might respond to antiestrogenic therapies.     

The mouse GalR2 galanin receptor: genomic organization, cDNA cloning, and functional characterization

The diverse physiological actions of galanin are thought to be mediated through activation of galanin receptors (GalRs). We report the genomic and cDNA cloning of a mouse GalR that possesses a genomic structure distinct from that of GalR1 and encodes a functional galanin receptor. The mouse GalR gene consists of two exons separated by a single intron within the protein-coding region. The splicing site for the intron is located at the junction between the third transmembrane domain and the second intracellular loop. The cDNA encodes a 370-amino acid putative G protein-coupled receptor that is markedly different from human GalR1 and rat GalR3 (38 and 57%) but shares high homology with rat GalR2 (94%). In binding studies utilizing membranes from COS-7 cells transfected with mouse GalR2 cDNA, the receptor displayed high affinity (K(D) = 0.47 nM) and saturable binding with 125I-galanin (Bmax = 670 fmol/mg). The radioligand binding can be displaced by galanin and its analogues in a rank order: galanin approximately = M40 approximately = M15 approximately = M35 approximately = C7 approximately = galanin(2-29) approximately = galanin(1-16) > galanin(10-29) approximately = galanin(3-29), which resembles the pharmacological profile of the rat GalR2. Receptor activation by galanin in COS-7 cells stimulated phosphoinositide metabolism, which was not reversed by pertussis toxin. Thus, the galanin receptor encoded in the cloned mouse GalR gene is the type 2 galanin receptor and is active in both ligand binding and signaling assays.     

数字印花技术在缝制产品加工中的应用

复杂的程序.更重要的是服饰直接印花系统可以将印花区域限制在服装压板的尺寸范围内,目前还没有能允许超出服装表面积的印花技术.