Sink Mobility-Based Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm Variants in WSN

International Journal of Wireless Information Networks - In this work, energy efficient routing protocol variants considering different sink mobility in hierarchical cluster based wireless sensor...     

Energy optimization for CAN bus and media controls in electric vehicles using deep learning algorithms

The Journal of Supercomputing - This study offers a neural network-based deep learning method for energy optimization modeling in electric vehicles (EV). The pre-processed driving cycle is...     

CP2EH: a comprehensive privacy-preserving e-health scheme over cloud

The Journal of Supercomputing - In the Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) scheme, patients encrypt their electronic health record (EHR), attach the appropriate attributes with it, and outsource them...     

Fuzzy Based Ant Colony Optimization Scheduling in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is an Information Technology deployment model established on virtualization. Task scheduling states the set of rules for task allocations to an exact virtual machine in the cloud computing environment. However, task scheduling challenges such as optimal task scheduling performance solutions, are addressed in cloud computing. First, the cloud computing performance due to task scheduling is improved by proposing a Dynamic Weighted Round-Robin algorithm. This recommended DWRR algorithm improves the task scheduling performance by considering resource competencies, task priorities, and length. Second, a heuristic algorithm called Hybrid Particle Swarm Parallel Ant Colony Optimization is proposed to solve the task execution delay problem in DWRR based task scheduling. In the end, a fuzzy logic system is designed for HPSPACO that expands task scheduling in the cloud environment. A fuzzy method is proposed for the inertia weight update of the PSO and pheromone trails update of the PACO. Thus, the proposed Fuzzy Hybrid Particle Swarm Parallel Ant Colony Optimization on cloud computing achieves improved task scheduling by minimizing the execution and waiting time, system throughput, and maximizing resource utilization.     

Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by petals extract of Rosa indica L., its formulation as nail paint and evaluation of antifungal activity against fungi causing onychomycosis

Aim: The authors report the biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) from the petals extract of Rosa indica L. (rose). Its efficacy was evaluated against two dermatophytes: namely: Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis which cause onychomycosis. The activity of antibiotics against the tested dermatophytes was enhanced, when evaluated in combination with ZnO‐NPs. Methods and results: The synthesised ZnO‐NPs were preliminary detected by using ultraviolet UV visible spectroscopy, which showed specific absorbance. The ZnO‐NPs were further characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction and Zetasizer. Moreover, nanoparticles containing nail paint (nanopaint) was formulated and its antifungal activity was also assessed against T. mentagrophytes and M. canis. ZnO‐NPs and formulated nanopaint containing ZnO‐NPs, both showed significant antifungal activity. The maximum activity was noted against M. canis and lesser against T. mentagrophytes. Minimum inhibitory concentration of ZnO‐NPs was also determined against the dermatophytes causing onychomycosis infection. Conclusion: ZnO‐NPs can be utilised as a potential antifungal agent for the treatment of onychomycosis after more experimental trials.Inspec keywords: diseases, zinc compounds, nanoparticles, nanofabrication, antibacterial activity, microorganisms, nanomedicine, ultraviolet spectra, visible spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, biomedical materials, patient treatmentOther keywords: zinc oxide nanoparticle biosynthesis, Rosa indica L petals extract, nail paint, antifungal activity evaluation, dermatophyte, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, antibiotics activity, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, zetasizer, antifungal agent, onychomycosis treatment     

Biogenic copper nanoparticles promote the growth of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

Environmental pollution and toxicity have been increasing due to the overuse of chemical fertilisers, which has encouraged nanotechnologists to develop eco‐friendly nano‐biofertilisers. The authors demonstrated the effect of biogenic copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on the growth of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.). The UV–visible analysis showed absorbance at 615 nm. Nanoparticle tracking and analysis revealed particle concentration of 2.18 × 10⁸ particles/ml, with an average size of 33 nm. Zeta potential was found to be −16.7 mV, which showed stability. X‐ray diffraction pattern depicted the face centred cubic structure of CuNPs; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the capping due to acidic groups, and transmission electron micrograph showed nanoparticles with size 20–30 nm. The effect of CuNPs (20 ppm) on plant growth was studied, for the absorption of CuNPs by plants on photosynthesis, which was evaluated by measuring chlorophyll a fluorescence using Handy‐Plant Efficiency Analyser. CuNPs treatment showed a remarkable increase in height, root length, fresh and dry weights and performance index of seedlings. The overall growth of plants treated with CuNPs after 4 weeks was recorded. The results revealed that inoculation of CuNPs contribute growth and development of pigeon pea due to growth promoting activity of CuNPs.Inspec keywords: pollution, toxicology, nanotechnology, cropsOther keywords: biogenic copper nanoparticles, pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan L, environmental pollution, toxicity, chemical fertilisers, nanotechnologists, eco‐friendly nano‐biofertilisers, cash crop, UV‐visible analysis, nanoparticle tracking, zeta potential, X‐ray diffraction pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, acidic groups, transmission electron micrograph, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, fluorescence, Handy‐Plant Efficiency Analyser, performance index     

Efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles against clinical isolates of fungi causing mycotic keratitis in humans

Mycotic keratitis is mainly responsible for vision loss caused by various fungi. Sometimes, proper treatment of such infection is not possible due to unavailability of effective antifungal agents and development of resistance of such fungi to antimycotic drugs. Hence, it is necessary to search for potential antifungal agents, which can effectively eradicate fungal infection of eyes. Nanoparticles‐based antifungal drugs overcome this problem by increasing permeability and properties of drug molecules. In the present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesised by using Helminthosporium sp. and Chaetomium sp. following sequential reduction technique. The synthesised silver nanoparticles were detected primarily by UV‐visible spectrophotometer showing absorption spectra at 424 and 433 nm, respectively. Nanoparticles tracking analysis confirmed the mean particle size of silver nanoparticles as 45 and 55 nm. The synthesised AgNPs showed significant antifungal activity against fungi causing mycotic keratitis, when used alone and in combination with ketoconazole and amphotericin B in the range of 30–70 microgram per millilitre of minimum inhibitory concentration. Thus, the synthesised AgNPs can be used to enhance the activities of ketoconazole and amphotericin B.Inspec keywords: silver, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, antibacterial activity, diseases, permeability, ultraviolet spectra, visible spectra, particle sizeOther keywords: biogenic silver nanoparticles, fungi, mycotitic keratitis, vision loss, infection, antifungal agents, antimycotic drugs, antifungal drugs, permeability, Helminthosporium sp, Chaetomium sp, sequential reduction technique, UV‐visible spectrophotometer, mean particle size, ketoconazole, amphotericin B, wavelength 424 nm, wavelength 433 nm, size 45 nm, size 55 nm, Ag     

Topical delivery of paclitaxel for treatment of skin cancer

Context: Skin cancer represents the most growing types of cancer in human and ultraviolet radiation can be cited as one of the prime factor for its occurrence. Current therapy of skin cancer suffers from numerous side effects; for effective therapy, topical application of formulation of paclitaxel (PTX) can be considered as a novel approach.

Objective: The present study is an attempt to prepare formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of PTX for the effective treatment of various form of skin carcinoma.

Methods: The SLN were prepared by high-speed homogenization and ultrasonication method. The prepared SLN were characterized. The optimized PTX SLN were loaded in carbopol gel. The prepared gels were evaluated for its gelling properties and finally studied for in vivo anti-cancer efficacy and histopathological study.

Results: The particle size distribution was found to be in the range of 78.82–587.8?nm. The product yield (%) was found between 60% and 66% and showed a highest entrapment efficiency of 68.3%. The in vitro release of the drug from SLN dispersion was found to be biphasic with the initial burst effect, followed by slow release. SLN-loaded gel were subjected to permeability study and the results show steady-state flux (J_ss), permeability coefficient (K_p), and enhancement ratio were significantly increased in SLN-loaded gel formulation as compared with PTX-loaded gel. The histopathological study clearly reveals the efficacy of the SLN-F3 3G in the treatment of skin cancer.

Conclusion: The experimental formulations show controlled release of PTX and thus expected to show reduce dose-related side effects.     

On the effect of tool offset in hybrid-FSW of copper-aluminium alloy

Tool offset is one the most significant parameters in joining of dissimilar materials by friction stir welding (FSW) process. An investigation is carried out on the effect of tool offset toward thermal history, material flow pattern, mechanical properties, welding force, and weld joint morphology. It was found that offsetting toward aluminum side along with a plasma-assisted heat source is an efficient approach to address one of the most important apprehensions in aluminum-copper solid-state welding process. The offset influences the amount of intermetallic at the joint interface and in-effect impacts on final strength and material flow behavior. The optimum and continuous layer of intermetallic produces the maximum weld joint strength. The specimen welded with optimum tool offset shows the highest strength using 55 A plasma current in hybrid friction stir welding process.     

All‐Organic Dual Spin Valves with Well‐Resolved Four Resistive‐States

The formation of all‐organic dual spin valves (DSVs) with three organic spin‐selective layers, that is, spin‐injection, spin‐detection, and an additional spin‐filtering layer at the intermediate, is reported. As spin‐selective layers, manganese‐ and cobalt phthalocyanines, which are well‐known single‐molecule magnets, are used in their immobilized forms, so that all‐organic DSVs can be prefabricated for characterization. The three spin‐selective layers have provided four configurations with at most two spin‐flip interfaces enforcing spin‐flipping at the two nonmagnetic organic spacer layers, for which copper phthalocyanine is used. Since a couple of the four configurations have exhibited similar resistivities, the degeneracy in the resistive‐states is broken through asymmetric spin‐injection and spin‐detection layers and also through asymmetric thickness of the nonmagnetic spacer layers. When both the spin‐flip interfaces are made operative independently, a 2‐bit logic with four distinct resistive states can be achieved.