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101.
Kazuyuki Chihara Caroline F. Mellot Anthony K. Cheetham Shani Harms Hirotaka Mangyo Masaki Omote Ryuichi Kamiyama 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2000,17(6):649-651
Equilibrium and isosteric heat of adsorption for the system of chloroform and USY-type zeolite were studied. The USY-type
zeolite (PQ Co., SiO2/Al2O3=70) was used both as a pure crystalline powder and as granulated particles with binder. Chloroform was reagent grade. The
adsorption equilibria were measured using a gravimetric method and were expressed as isotherms. A chromatographic method (i.e.
pulse response of chloroform through the USY column with helium carrier) was used to get the initial slope of the isotherms.
In the simulation, the GCMC method was used to calculate amounts adsorbed for various conditions. FF parameters were confidently
applied. And modified structure model was effective for simulation.
This paper was presented at The 5th International Symposium on Separation Technology-Korea and Japan held at Seoul between
August 19 and 21, 1999. 相似文献
102.
103.
K. Yamagata K. Nishikawa S. Hasegawa T. Fujii S. Yoshida 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》1972,15(12):2575-2593
Experimental investigations were made of heat transfer to supercritical water flowing in a horizontal tube and vertical tubes. A comprehensive set of data was obtained for pressures from 226 to 294 bar, bulk temperatures from 230 to 540°C, heat fluxes from 116 to 930 kW/m2 and mass velocities from 310 to 1830 kg/m2s. Because the physical properties of supercritical fluids change rapidly with temperature in the pseudocritical region, the heat transfer coefficients show unusual behavior depending upon the heat flux. At low or modetate heat fluxes relatively to the flow rate, a satisfactory correlation was obtained, which predicts reasonably well the enhanced heat transfer coefficients near the pseudocritical point. The several characteristics of the deterioration in heat transfer which occurs at high heat fluxes were clarified, and the limit heat flux for the occurrence of the deterioration was determined in connection with the flow rate. 相似文献
104.
Unexpected discoveries and S-invention of design requirements: important vehicles for a design process 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Designers, during a conceptual design process, do not just synthesize solutions that satisfy initially given requirements, but also invent design issues or requirements that capture important aspects of the given problem. How do they do this? What becomes the impetus for the invention of important issues or requirements? So-called ‘unexpected discoveries', the acts of attending to visuo-spatial features in sketches which were not intended when they were drawn, are believed to contribute to it. The purpose of the present research is to verify this hypothesis. Analysing the cognitive processes of a practising architect in a design session, we found that in about a half of his entire design process there were bi-directional relations between unexpected discoveries and the invention of issues or requirements. Not only did unexpected discoveries become the driving force for the invention of issues or requirements, but also the occurrence of invention, in turn, tended to cause new unexpected discoveries. This has provided empirical evidence for two anecdotal views of designing. First, designing is a situated act; designers invent design issues or requirements in a way situated in the environment in which they design. We call inventions of this sort situated-invention (S-invention). Secondly, a design process progresses in such a way that the problem-space and the solution-space co-evolve. Further, this has brought a pedagogical implication as well as an insight about an important aspect of learning by experience in design. 相似文献
105.
Power systems have become very large, and in addition the forthcoming open electricity market will make power system operation more complex. Therefore, power system operation must become more efficient and flexible. Very fast power system simulation is a means of achieving more sophisticated power system on‐line monitoring and control, and parallel computing is a key technology for very fast power system simulation. This paper proposes an efficient and fast parallel network calculation algorithm that will contribute to the development of fast power system simulation programs. Numerical examples show that the proposed method using six processors is about 4.0 times as fast as the usual serial algorithm when applied to a large‐scale radial power system and about 3.2 times as fast when applied to a large‐scale loop power system. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(3): 26–36, 2001 相似文献
106.
Funahashi Jun; Takano Kazufumi; Yamagata Yuriko; Yutani Katsuhide 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》1999,12(10):841-850
To elucidate correlative relationships between structural changeand thermodynamic stability in proteins, a series of mutanthuman lysozymes modified at two buried positions (Ile56 andIle59) were examined. Their thermodynamic parameters of denaturationand crystal structures were studied by calorimetry and X-raycrystallography. The mutants at positions 56 and 59 exhibiteddifferent responses to a series of amino acid substitutions.The changes in stability due to substitutions showed a linearcorrelation with changes in hydrophobicity of substituted residues,having different slopes at each mutation site. However, thestability of each mutant was found to be represented by a uniqueequation involving physical properties calculated from mutantstructures. By fitting present and previous stability data formutant human lysozymes substituted at various positions to theequation, the magnitudes of the hydrophobicity of a carbon atomand the hydrophobicity of nitrogen and neutral oxygen atomswere found to be 0.178 and 0.013 kJ/mol.Å2, respectively.It was also found that the contribution of a hydrogen bond witha length of 3.0 Å to protein stability was 5.1 kJ/moland the entropy loss of newly introduction of a water moleculeswas 7.8 kJ/mol. 相似文献
107.
Masaki Horie I.-Wen Shen Henry Leventis Jenny Nelson Michael L. Turner 《Polymer》2010,51(7):1541-11830
Poly(3,4-dioctylthienylenevinylene) (PDOTV) was synthesised by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with controlled molecular weight. PDOTV has been used to fabricate organic photovoltaic devices in combination with phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) for the first time. The devices show power conversion efficiency up to 0.18%. Optimal device performance was found at a film thickness of 100 nm and a ratio of PCBM to PTV of 2:1. External quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements, transient absorption spectroscopy and morphology studies were carried out to establish factors governing photovoltaic performance. These results suggest that the efficiency values for the devices were limited by the hole mobility and unexpected phase separation within the blend. Nevertheless, the results show that ROMP is a viable, alternative, synthetic strategy for preparing PTV donors for use in bulk heterojunction OPVs. 相似文献
108.
Masamichi Kajita Masaki MagariKagefumi Todo Naoki KanayamaHitoshi Ohmori 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2010,109(4):407-410
A hypermutating B cell line DT40 is useful for screening antibodies and improving affinity of the selected antibodies in vitro. To perform affinity maturation efficiently, we generated an engineered DT40 line whose immunoglobulin mutation pattern can be transformed from gene conversion into point mutation by conditional suppression of XRCC3 expression. 相似文献
109.
Takami Kai Norihide Okada Manabu Baba Takeshige Takahashi Masaki Misawa Ion Tiseanu Naoki Ichikawa 《Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)》2007,130(2-3):119-124
In a fluidized catalyst bed, the reactant gas transfers from the bubble phase to the emulsion phase and reactions proceed in the emulsion phase. The catalyst particles around the bubbles should contact the gases containing a high concentration of the reactants. Therefore, the effect of the catalysts around the bubbles is very important for estimating the conversion and selectivity in the reactor. In order to study the role of these catalysts, the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide was carried out in a fluidized catalyst bed. Based on the results, the amount of the catalyst that was effective for the reaction was calculated. In addition, the shape of the bubbles ascending in the fluidized catalyst bed was observed using a fast X-ray computer tomography (CT) scanner. The structure of the bubbles in the fluidized catalyst bed was very complicated and the surface area of the bubbles was much greater than the obtained when assuming spherical shaped bubble. By assuming that effective catalysts existed around the bubbles, the thickness of catalyst layer was obtained. Finally, the 3-dimensional images of the catalyst layers around the bubbles were reconstructed. 相似文献
110.
Tomoyuki Kawase Kazuhiro Okuda Hiroyuki Kogami Hitoshi Nakayama Masaki Nagata Hiromasa Yoshie 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2010,21(2):731-739
Our animal implantation studies have demonstrated that, after osteogenic processing, cultured human periosteal sheets form
osteoid tissue ectopically without the aid of conventional scaffolding materials. To improve the osteogenic activity of these
periosteal sheets, we have tested the effects of including a scaffold made of salmon collagen-coated ePTFE mesh. Periosteal
sheets were produced with minimal manipulation without enzymatic digestion. Outgrown cells penetrated into the coated mesh
fiber networks to form complex multicellular layers and increased expression of alkaline phosphatase activity in response
to the osteoinduction. In vitro mineralization was notably enhanced in the original tissue segment regions, but numerous micro-mineral
deposits were also formed on the coated-fiber networks. When implanted subcutaneously into nude mice, periosteal sheets efficiently
form osteoid around the mineral deposits. These findings suggest that the intricate three-dimensional mesh composed of collagen-coated
fibers substantially augmented the osteogenic activity of human periosteal sheets both in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献