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71.
Gilbert L. Rochon Dev Niyogi Souleymane Fall Joseph E. Quansah Larry Biehl Bereket Araya Chetan Maringanti Angel Torres Valcarcel Lova Rakotomalala Hildred S. Rochon Bertin Hilaire Mbongo Thierno Thiam 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2010,12(1):19-30
Innovations with respect to technologies that contribute to environmental sustainability have emerged within national government laboratories, international agencies and within academic research institutes. Since each of these entities is understandably more focused on ab initio research, conceptual development and proofs of concept, the production level manufacturing and broad dissemination of such technologies require development of best management practices (BMPs) for effective partnerships with and/or technology licensure to private sector industry. Alternatively, certain technologies that address specific environmental sustainability needs within the developing countries can be and have been transferred directly, either through bi-lateral transfers or through multi-lateral agencies, serving as intermediaries. The appropriateness of such transfers is contingent upon host country environmental, cultural and socio-political conditions, the type of technology involved, the “terms of transfer” and the relationships established between the technology conceivers and the end-users. The authors select examples of identified modes of sustainable technology transmission and derive experiential BMPs, which may be of some utility for future sustainable technology transfer. Moreover, in providing these BMPs, the historical record and contemporary caveats with respect to unregulated technology transfer, whether sustainable or otherwise, to developing countries and the array of corresponding proposed codes of conduct are examined, given the normative objective that such technologies should ultimately contribute to ecologically benign and societally beneficial objectives, such as environmental sustainability, equitable growth and poverty alleviation. These issues and the need to establish BMPs would be broadly relevant with the new focus on climate change-related technology funds and associated regional impact projects evolving across the globe and within the developing countries in particular. 相似文献
72.
Tremblay Maxime A.; Blanchard Céline M.; Taylor Sara; Pelletier Luc G.; Villeneuve Martin 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2010,42(1):70
Reports an error in "Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its value for organizational psychology research" by Maxime A. Tremblay, Céline M. Blanchard, Sara Taylor, Luc G. Pelletier and Martin Villeneuve (Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 2009[Oct], Vol 41[4], 213-226). In this article, line 2 of the second table was missing from the printed article. The correct table is reprinted in this correction. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2009-18333-004.) The Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS) is an 18-item measure of work motivation theoretically grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000). The purpose of the present research was twofold. First, the applicability of the WEIMS in different work environments was evaluated. Second, its factorial structure and psychometric properties were assessed. Two samples of workers (military: N = 465; civilians: N = 192) voluntarily completed questionnaires. Using the WEIMS’s 3 indexes (work self-determination index, work self-determined and nonself-determined motivation, respectively), results of regression analyses were supportive of its ability to predict positive and negative criteria in the workplace. Results also showed the adequacy of both its construct validity and internal consistency. Its factorial structure was also invariant across samples. Finally, its quasi-simplex pattern and relationships with psychological correlates further supported the self-determination continuum. Overall, these findings provide evidence for the applicability as well as the reliability and validity of the WEIMS in organisational settings. Results are discussed in regard to the applicability of self-determination theory to the workplace. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
73.
Muhammad Sajjad Majid Ahmadi Maxime J-F Guinel Yi Lin Peter Feng 《Journal of Materials Science》2013,48(6):2543-2549
Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) have an identical crystal structure and similar lattice parameter to those of graphene sheets. However, growing quality BNNSs consisting of only several atomic layers remains a challenge. Here, we report on the synthesis of BNNSs at a temperature of 350 °C using a CO2 pulsed laser plasma deposition (CO2-PLD) technique by irradiating a pyrolytic hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) target. The deposition was performed either in vacuum at a pressure of 0.2 Pa, for which we obtained polycrystalline BN, or in hydrogen (H2) atmosphere at a pressure of 26 Pa for which we obtained single-crystal BNNSs. The presence of H2 seems to minimize the side effects of sputtering and the material shows higher purity and better crystallinity. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed the sheets to be mostly defect-free and to have the characteristic honeycomb structure of six-membered B3-N3 hexagon. HRTEM, electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy clearly identified h-BN. 相似文献
74.
Delingette H Billet F Wong KC Sermesant M Rhode K Ginks M Rinaldi CA Razavi R Ayache N 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》2012,59(1):20-24
Personalization is a key aspect of biophysical models in order to impact clinical practice. In this paper, we propose a personalization method of electromechanical models of the heart from cine-MR images based on the adjoint method. After estimation of electrophysiological parameters, the cardiac motion is estimated based on a proactive electromechanical model. Then cardiac contractilities on two or three regions are estimated by minimizing the discrepancy between measured and simulation motion. Evaluation of the method on three patients with infarcted or dilated myocardium is provided. 相似文献
75.
76.
Abdérrazak AkbacheAdil Rocafi Maxime SaffonÉric Lamiot Olivier MoroniSylvie Turgeon Caroline RichardSylvie F. Gauthier Yves Pouliot 《Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)》2011,44(1):28-32
The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of heat treatments on the distribution of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-??2) between cream and skim milk and between the casein and whey fractions of skim milk. Skimming removed 45% and 62% of the TGF-??2 from raw and pasteurized milks and only 8% of the total TGF-??2 in skimmed pasteurized milk was found in whey, compared to 37% in whey from raw skimmed milk. The TGF-??2 content of whey decreased as the heat treatment of the milk increased in intensity (thermization > pasteurization > UHT sterilization). Using milk held for 1 or 2 min at temperatures ranging from 57 to 84 °C, it was shown that TGF-??2 in the whey portion decreases at temperatures above 66 °C and becomes undetectable at temperatures higher than 76 °C. Altogether, these data on the heat-induced changes in TGF-??2 content of cream, skim milk, casein and whey reveal a potentially negative impact of certain heat treatments in developing TGF-??2-enriched fractions from milk. 相似文献
77.
Adil Maarouf Bertrand Audoin Simon Konstandin Audrey Rico Elisabeth Soulier Françoise Reuter Arnaud Le Troter Sylviane Confort-Gouny Patrick J. Cozzone Maxime Guye Lothar R. Schad Jean Pelletier Jean-Philippe Ranjeva Wafaa Zaaraoui 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》2014,27(1):53-62
Object
Sodium accumulation is involved in neuronal injury occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to assess sodium accumulation in progressive MS, known to suffer from severe neuronal injury.Materials and methods
3D-23Na-MRI was obtained on a 3T-MR-scanner in 20 progressive MS patients [11 primary-progressive (PPMS) and nine secondary-progressive (SPMS)] and 15 controls. Total sodium concentrations (TSC) within grey matter (GM), normal-appearing white matter (WM) and lesions were extracted. Statistical mapping analyses of TSC abnormalities were also performed.Results
Progressive MS patients presented higher GM–TSC values (48.8 ± 3.1 mmol/l wet tissue vol, p < 0.001) and T2lesions-TSC values (50.9 ± 2.2 mmol/l wet tissue vol, p = 0.01) compared to GM and WM of controls. Statistical mapping analysis showed TSC increases in PPMS patients confined to motor and somatosensory cortices, prefrontal cortices, pons and cerebellum. In SPMS, TSC increases were associated with areas involving: primary motor, premotor and somatosensory cortices; prefrontal, cingulate and visual cortices; the corpus callosum, thalami, brainstem and cerebellum. Anterior prefrontal and premotor cortices TSC were correlated with disability.Conclusion
Sodium accumulation is present in progressive MS patients, more restricted to the motor system in PPMS and more widespread in SPMS. Local brain sodium accumulation appears as a promising marker to monitor patients with progressive MS. 相似文献78.
Benoit P. Gilbert Julien M. Husson Henri Bailleres Robert L. McGavin Maxime F. Fischer 《Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff》2018,76(6):1637-1652
This paper quantifies the mechanical properties perpendicular to the grain and in shear of glued rotary peeled veneers, as would be encountered in veneer-based structural products (i.e. by including both the effects of hot pressing the veneers and the glue used during the manufacturing process), of three species recovered from juvenile (early to mid-rotation) subtropical hardwood plantation logs. This underutilised resource has currently little to no commercial value in Australia but proven potential to produce attractive veneer-based structural products. Determining these unknown properties is important as they constitute essential input data to ultimately predict the behaviour and design properties of veneer-based structural products in cost-effective numerical simulations. Two species planted for solid timber end-products (Gympie messmate—Eucalyptus cloeziana and spotted gum—Corymbia citriodora) and one species traditionally grown for pulpwood (southern blue gum—Eucalyptus globulus) are considered in the paper. The dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive and tensile strengths perpendicular to the grain of veneer-based elements, each manufactured from single veneer sheets, were experimentally measured and are analysed herein. These properties are found to have no to weak correlation to the parent veneer sheet dynamic modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain, a value which is commonly measured in line to grade veneers. The shear modulus (in the longitudinal-tangential plane), also referred to as “modulus of rigidity”, through-the-thickness and rolling shear strengths were also experimentally measured, and the results are discussed in the paper. Little to no correlation to the veneer sheet dynamic modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain was found for these properties. Weibull distributions are fitted to all test results and presented to probabilistically consider the investigated properties in numerical simulations of veneer-based structural products. 相似文献
79.
Toon Ghoos Jérémy Brassinne Charles-André Fustin Jean-François Gohy Maxime Defour Niko Van den Brande Bruno Van Mele Laurence Lutsen Dirk J. Vanderzande Wouter Maes 《Polymer》2013
A series of ionic polythiophenes, in homopolymer and random copolymer configurations, is prepared via the Grignard metathesis (GRIM) polymerization protocol and subsequent substitution on the bromohexyl side chains with N-methylimidazole. The introduced structural variations – comonomer ratio, side chain composition, counter ions – allow tuning of the thermal properties and solution behavior of the resulting conjugated polymers. As expected, the solubility depends majorly on the number of ionic groups and the counter ions. The most peculiar behavior is observed for the P3HT-P3(MIM)HT-Br 50/50 random copolymer, which shows organization of the polymer chains in solution and thin film dependent on the preparation conditions. Dynamic light scattering studies confirm that the ordered solid-state structure is somewhat maintained when the copolymer is dissolved in a bad solvent mixture. The ionic (co)polythiophenes are generally more resistant to thermal degradation than their precursors. The precursor polymers all show a clear semi-crystalline behavior, with a decrease in crystallinity upon decreasing the number of regular 3-hexylthiophene units. On the other hand, the studied ionic (co)polythiophenes are fully amorphous. Changes in the counter ions have dramatic effects on the thermal properties. Bromine counter ions render the polymers strongly hygroscopic. The novel materials are of particular appeal in the field of organic photovoltaics, in which the imidazolium-substituted (co)polythiophenes can be beneficially applied as constituents of either active layers or electron transport layers. Their processability from green solvents is also of major importance for the field. 相似文献
80.
Hossein Ghiasi Larry Lessard Damiano Pasini Maxime Thouin 《Applied Composite Materials》2010,17(2):159-173
Simultaneous material consolidation and shaping, as performed in manufacturing of composite materials, causes a strong interconnection
between structural and manufacturing parameters which makes the design process complicated. In this paper, the design of a
carbon fiber bicycle stem is examined through the application of a multi-objective optimization method to illustrate the interconnection
between structural and manufacturing objectives. To demonstrate the proposed method, a test case dealing with the design of
composite part with complex geometry, small size and hollow structure is described. Bladder-assisted Resin Transfer Molding
is chosen as the manufacturing method. A finite element model of the stem is created to evaluate the objectives of the structural
design, while a simplified 2D model is used to simulate the flow inside the preform during the injection process. Both models
are formulated to take into account the variation of fiber orientation, thickness and fiber volume fraction as a function
of braid diameters, injection pressure and bladder pressure. Finally, a multiobjective optimization method, called Normalized
Normal Constraint Method, is used to find a set of solutions that simultaneously optimizes weight, filling time and strength.
The solution to the problem is a set of optimum designs which represent the Pareto frontier of the problem. Pareto frontier
helps to gain insight into the trade-off among objectives, whose presence and importance is confirmed by the numerical results
presented in this paper. 相似文献