Adaptive control of let-off system in weaving

In this study, semi-positive let-off system in a conventional weaving loom was controlled using conventional, PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) and fuzzy logic based control systems. To do this, servomotor was installed into the let-off unit of the loom using PID controller, additionally fuzzy logic based let-off control was realised. Experimentally obtained warp tension values for each control methods were compared. According to the results, maximal tension values for the conventional, PID and fuzzy logic controlled systems were found to be 53, 45 and 35 cN, respectively. As a result, it is determined that the least warp tension interval and mean warp tension value are in let-off system controlled by fuzzy logic.     

More about fibre friction and its measurements

Unfortunately, the classical empirical friction laws do not hold true for fibrous and viscoelastic materials comprising most of the textile fibres. In the second half of the twentieth century, fibre surfaces have been studied by many distinguished scientists who were able to complete numerous researches for the frictional characteristics of different types of fibres. Most of the researchers have aimed to develop a new test method and a test device that can be used to measure the frictional characteristics of fibres quickly, accurately and easily in their studies. Unfortunately, there is not a standard test method or a test device for the measurement of textile fibres' friction properties. For today's competitive marketing, the instrument for fibre testing must be very fast and accurate; otherwise, it will not be useful for commercial purposes. For example, hundreds of thousands of cotton bales should be tested within a very short period of time in terms of the length, colour and trash content of the cotton bales. Without having the data describing the properties of cotton fibres, cotton bales cannot be sold commercially in most of the countries. Therefore, it is an important factor that the fibre-testing instrument should be fast and accurate. Most of the properties of cotton fibres can be assessed by using a HVI fibre-testing instrument. In this review, the historical perspective of fibre friction studies has been demonstrated with the fibre friction measurement-testing devices.     

TPS3: A privacy preserving data collection protocol for smart grids

Smart grid (SG) allows for two-way communication between the utility and its consumers and hence they are considered as an inevitable future of the traditional grid. Since consumers are the key component of SGs, providing security and privacy to their personal data is a critical problem. In this paper, a security protocol, namely TPS3, is based on Temporal Perturbation and Shamir’s Secret Sharing (SSS) schemes that are proposed to ensure the privacy of SG consumer’s data. Temporal perturbation is employed to provide temporal privacy, while the SSS scheme is used to ensure data confidentiality. Temporal perturbation adds random delays to the data collected by smart meters, whereas the SSS scheme fragments these data before transmitting them to the data collection server. Joint employment of both schemes makes it hard for attackers to obtain consumer data collected in the SG. The proposed protocol TPS3 is evaluated in terms of privacy, reliability, and communication cost using two different SG topologies. The performance evaluation results clearly show that the TPS3 protocol ensures the privacy and reliability of consumer data in SGs. The results also show that the tradeoff between the communication cost and security of TPS3 is negligible.     

Graft copolymers from commercial chlorinated polypropylene via Cu(0)‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization

Commercially available chlorinated polypropylene has been used as a macroinitiator for the Cu(0)‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and tert‐butyl acrylate to obtain well‐defined graft copolymers. The relatively narrow molecular weight distribution in the graft copolymers and linear kinetic plots indicated the controlled nature of the copolymerization reactions. Both Fourier transform infrared and ¹H NMR studies confirmed that the graft reactions had taken place successfully. After graft copolymer formation, tert‐butyl groups of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) side chains were completely converted into poly(acrylic acid) chains to afford corresponding amphiphilic graft copolymers. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic,Proteomic and Genomic Data to Reveal Functional Pathways and Candidate Genes for Drip Loss in Pigs

The aim of this study was to integrate multi omics data to characterize underlying functional pathways and candidate genes for drip loss in pigs. The consideration of different omics levels allows elucidating the black box of phenotype expression. Metabolite and protein profiling was applied in Musculus longissimus dorsi samples of 97 Duroc × Pietrain pigs. In total, 126 and 35 annotated metabolites and proteins were quantified, respectively. In addition, all animals were genotyped with the porcine 60 k Illumina beadchip. An enrichment analysis resulted in 10 pathways, amongst others, sphingolipid metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, with significant influence on drip loss. Drip loss and 22 metabolic components were analyzed as intermediate phenotypes within a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We detected significantly associated genetic markers and candidate genes for drip loss and for most of the metabolic components. On chromosome 18, a region with promising candidate genes was identified based on SNPs associated with drip loss, the protein “phosphoglycerate mutase 2” and the metabolite glycine. We hypothesize that association studies based on intermediate phenotypes are able to provide comprehensive insights in the genetic variation of genes directly involved in the metabolism of performance traits. In this way, the analyses contribute to identify reliable candidate genes.     

Free radical crosslinking of unsaturated bacterial polyesters obtained from soybean oily acids

Summary Poly(-3-hydroxy alkanoate) containing unsaturated side chains, PHA-soybean, were produced by feeding Pseudomonas oleovorans with soybean oily acids obtained from soybean oil. Unsaturation of PHA-soybean were found to be 10 mol-% of unsaturated side chains. Main saturated part of the biopolymer was Poly(3-hydroxy octanoate) with minor hexanoate and decanoate units. PHA films were crosslinked via free radical mechanism by means of thermally or under UV irradiation in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, benzophenon, and /or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). Crosslinking yield of the PHA films were found to be from 81 to 93 wt.-% from the sol-gel analysis. Swelling properties of the crosslinked PHA films in chloroform and toluene were also studied. Mc values of crosslinked PHAs were also calculated using Flory-Rehner equation. The crosslinked biopolyester obtained by thermally at 60 °C with benzoyl peroxide indicated the highest crosslinking density. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of crosslinked biopolyester samples were changed from −33 to −45 °C while that of PHA-soybean was −60 °C. Received: 16 June 2000/Revised version: 22 January 2001/Accepted: 20 May 2001     

Effect of intracanal medicaments on the push-out bond strength of Biodentine in comparison with Bioaggregate apical plugs

To evaluate the effect of intracanal medicaments on the push-out bond strength of Biodentine in comparison with DiaRoot BioAggregate (BA) when used as apical plugs. Forty single-rooted teeth were prepared using Peeso reamers. The samples were divided into four groups. The intracanal medicaments were applied to the root canals as follows: Group1: a combination of metronidazole–ciprofloxacin–cefaclor, Group2: a combination of metronidazole–ciprofloxacin, Group3: calcium hydroxide, and Group4: no medication. After 21 days, the medicaments were removed. The apical part of each root was horizontally sectioned into 1-mm thick slices. The samples were divided into two subgroups, and the following materials were placed: Biodentine, DiaRoot-BioAggregate. After 48-h incubation, the push-out bond strength was measured. The data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. Biodentine showed a significantly higher mean push-out bond strength value than DiaRoot-BioAggregate (P = 0.00). The medications have an effect on the push-out bond strength of both materials (P = 0.002). Biodentine showed better adhesive performance as an apical plug than DiaRoot-BioAggregate.     

Using hybridized ANN-GA prediction method for DOE performed drying experiments

Abstract

Coal is an important component in the energy industry and plays a key role in energy-producing facilities. Moisture is a common condition that has a considerable impact on coal. Coal drying has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields. Defining parameters in the coal drying is obtained by experiments. High costs, time constraints, and repetition of an experiment are one of the most frequently stated problems with experimental works. Using qualitative methods with experiments can be more useful for identifying and characterizing the coal drying process. The purpose of this article is finding the effective parameters in the coal drying process by using a hybridized prediction method. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are hybridized with each other to identify and characterize the coal drying process. GA-ANN algorithm is applied to the coal drying process to predict the moisture of coal, but it does not provide a decent result at first. Later, the Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology is performed to determine the main effects of six parameters. Two scenarios are generated because two parameters are not statistically significant. The first scenario excludes the air relative humidity parameter, and the second scenario excludes the air relative humidity and the velocity of air parameters. Following the application of the DoE method, GA-ANN reaches decent results in scenario-2.     

Synthesis and characterization of a Zr‐containing silicate‐based epoxy‐functional polymer nanocomposite system

As a continuation of efforts to explore the potential of certain types of polymer nanocomposites to be successful candidates as dental restoration/adhesion materials, a Zr‐containing and organically modified silicate‐based material system with epoxy functionality was prepared by use of a sol–gel synthesis method, and UV light‐ and visible light (VL)‐curing processes. Comparative influences of the synthesis and processing parameters on the mechanical, thermal, and microstructural/nanostructural properties of the system were detailed. Zr‐containing species proved to more effectively catalyze the epoxy polymerization/crosslinking reactions than those containing Ti. Incorporation of Zr into the nanocomposite network led to significantly advanced mechanical properties. An elastic (Young's) modulus value of 23 MPa was achieved. The system with relatively high Zr content was successfully obtained, which also had higher thermal stability. Overall observations and results suggested that Zr content, and the UV light‐ or VL‐curing process could be capitalized on to modify the structure, and to improve the final properties of these material systems, which indicated a prospective opportunity for this material system to be utilized in dental restoration/adhesion applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:792–798, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers