Security and Privacy Analysis of Song–Mitchell RFID Authentication Protocol

Many applications, such as e-passport, e-health, credit cards, and personal devices that utilize Radio frequency Identification (RFID) devices for authentication require strict security and privacy. However, RFID tags suffer from some inherent weaknesses due to restricted hardware capabilities and are vulnerable to eavesdropping, interception, or modification. The synchronization and untraceability characteristics are the major determinants of RFID authentication protocols. They are strongly related to privacy of tags and availability, respectively. In this paper, we analyze a new lightweight RFID authentication protocol, Song and Mitchell, in terms of privacy and security. We prove that not only is the scheme vulnerable to desynchronization attack, but it suffers from traceability and backward traceability as well. Finally, our improved scheme is proposed which can prevent aforementioned attacks.     

Advanced Bioresponsive Multitasking Hydrogels in the New Era of Biomedicine

Advanced forms of hydrogels have many inherently desirable properties and can be designed with different structures and functions. In particular, bioresponsive multifunctional hydrogels can carry out sophisticated biological functions. These include in situ single-cell approaches, capturing, analysis, and release of living cells, biomimetics of cell, tissue, and tumor-specific niches. They can allow in vivo cell manipulation and act as novel drug delivery systems, allowing diagnostic, therapeutic, vaccination, and immunotherapy methods. In the present review of multitasking hydrogels, new approaches and devices classified into point-of-care testing (POCT), microarrays, single-cell/rare cell approaches, artificial membranes, biomimetic modeling systems, nanodoctors, and microneedle patches are summarized. The potentials and application of each format are critically discussed, and some limitations are highlighted. Finally, how hydrogels can enable an “all-in-one platform” to play a key role in cancer therapy, regenerative medicine, and the treatment of inflammatory, degenerative, genetic, and metabolic diseases is being looked forward to.     

Frequency selective millimeter‐wave channel estimation based on subspace enhancement algorithms

In millimeter wave (mmW) communication systems, hybrid architecture, including the analog‐digital precoder and combiner matrices, is employed to take advantage of the multistream transceiver. In practice, mmW channel is assumed to be frequency‐selective, since the signal bandwidth is larger than the coherence bandwidth. Hence, orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing signaling can be remedial. So far, most of the previous works on the frequency‐selective channel estimation have focused on the single measurement vector (SMV) form, whereas finding and exploiting the proper multimeasurement vector (MMV) model can improve upon the estimation procedure based on compressive sensing (CS) concepts. In fact, the estimation procedure based on the MMV model has a faster convergence speed than the SMV method specially, when the training frames are small. In this paper, we first extract the MMV model of the channel. In this model, the rank‐deficiency occurs as the number of training frames is less or equal to the sparsity level. Thus, the conventional estimation methods fail to provide the desirable performance. To overcome this issue, we propose two rank‐aware algorithms based on the enhancement of the observed signal subspace. The first algorithm assumes to know the sparsity level, while the second faces to the lack of knowledge about the sparsity level. The simulation results corroborate the fact that the proposed methods outperform the conventional CS algorithms such as Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit.     

Origin of High Ionic Conductivity of Sc-Doped Sodium-Rich NASICON Solid-State Electrolytes

Substitution of liquid electrolyte with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) has emerged as a very urgent and challenging research area of rechargeable batteries. NASICON (Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂) is one of the most potential SSEs for Na-ion batteries due to its high ionic conductivity and low thermal expansion. It is proven that the ionic conductivity of NASICON can be improved to 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ by Sc-doping, of which the mechanism, however, has not been fully understood. Herein, a series of Na_3+xSc_xZr_2−xSi₂PO₁₂ (0 ≤ x  ≤  0.5) SSEs are prepared. To gain a deep insight into the ion transportation mechanism, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is employed to characterize the electronic structure, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR) is used to analyze the dynamics. In this study, Sc is successfully doped into Na₃Zr₂Si₂PO₁₂ to substitute Zr atoms. The redistribution of sodium ions at certain specific sites is proven to be critical for sodium ion movement. For x ≤ 0.3, the promotion of sodium ion movement is attributed to sodium ion concentration increase at the Na2 sites and decrease at the Na1 and Na3 sites. For x > 0.3, the inhibition of sodium ion movement is due to the phase change from monoclinic to rhombohedral and an increasing impurity content.     

A fault-tolerant and congestion-aware architecture for wireless networks-on-chip

Wireless Networks - The combination of traditional wired links for regular transmissions and express wireless paths for long distance communications is a promising solution to prevent multi-hop...     

Optimal rate allocation in successively structured Gaussian CEO problem

We consider the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) problem in which agents encode their observations without collaborating with each other and send through rate constrained noiseless channels to a fusion center (FC).We apply the successive coding strategy into this problem and determine the closed-form expressions for optimal rates in order to achieve the minimum distortion under a sum-rate constraint. We show that the optimal sum-rate distortion performance for the Gaussian CEO problem is achievable using the successive coding strategy which is inherently a low complexity approach of obtaining a prescribed distortion. We also determine the optimal rate allocation region for the successively structured Gaussian CEO problem.     

Voltage difference engineering in SOI MOSFETs: A novel side gate device with improved electrical performance

We studied the impact of voltage difference engineering in a silicon-on-insulator metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (SOI-MOSFET) and compared the performance to that of a conventional SOI-MOSFET (C-SOI). Our structure, called a SIG-SOI MOSFET, includes main and side gates with an optimum voltage difference between them. The voltage difference leads to an inverted channel as an electrical drain extension under the side gate. This channel creates a stepped potential distribution along the channel that it cannot be seen in the C-SOI MOSFETs. The voltage difference controls the channel properly and two-dimensional two-carrier device simulations revealed lower threshold voltage variations, larger breakdown voltage, higher voltage gain, lower hot carrier effects, improved drain-induced barrier lowering, lower drain conductance, higher unilateral power gain, and lower leakage current compared to a C-SOI device. Thus, our proposed structure has higher performance than a typical C-SOI structure.     

Differential Cascode Voltage Switch (DCVS) Strategies by CNTFET Technology for Standard Ternary Logic

Differential Cascode Voltage Switch (DCVS) is a well-known logic style, which constructs robust and reliable circuits. Two main strategies are studied in this paper to form static DCVS-based standard ternary fundamental logic components in digital electronics. While one of the strategies leads to fewer transistors, the other one has higher noise margin. New designs are simulated with HSPICE and 32 nm CNTFET technology at various realistic conditions such as different power supplies, load capacitors, frequencies, and temperatures. Simulations results demonstrate their robustness and efficiency even in the presence of PVT variations. In addition, new noise injection circuits for ternary logic are also presented to perform noise immunity analysis.