Hybrid wideband transceiver design for achievable rate maximization in millimeter-wave MIMO systems

Telecommunication Systems - This paper proposes two algorithms for hybrid (Analog–Digital) beamforming in a single-user millimeter-wave (mm-wave) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems under...     

脉冲ArF准分子激光淀积SiC/Si(100)薄膜的最佳晶化温度及光致发光

用脉冲 Ar F准分子激光熔蚀 Si C陶瓷靶 ,在 80 0℃ Si(10 0 )衬底上淀积 Si C薄膜 ,经不同温度真空 (10 - 3Pa)退火后 ,用 FTIR、XRD、TEM、XPS、PL 谱等分析方法 ,研究了薄膜最佳晶化温度及表面形态、结构、组成 ,并对在最佳退火温度处理后的样品进行了化学态、微结构及光致发光的研究 .结果表明 ,在 Si(10 0 )上 80 0℃淀积的样品为非晶Si C薄膜 .经 85 0— 10 5 0℃不同温度真空退火后 ,Si C薄膜经非晶核化 -长大过程 ,在 980℃完成最佳晶化 .随退火温度的变化 ,薄膜中可能存在 3C- Si C与 6 H- Si C的竞争生长或 /和 3C- Si C相的长、消 (最佳温度     

耦合纵缝馈电的短路波导宽边纵缝阵的分析与设计

基于三层结构（馈电缝、耦合缝、辐射缝）平面缝隙阵天线设计的需要,用场分析法对由耦合纵缝馈电的两端短路波导宽边直线纵缝阵进行了分析和综合。该法考虑了所有的互耦、高次模及波导壁厚的影响,得到了耦合纵缝馈电的两端短路波民宽边纵缝直线阵在辐射缝偏心距相同和缝长相同时直线缝阵口径分布等幅同相的结论。利用所得结论并结合泰勒线阵综合法提出了适合于对文中系统进行综合的有效方法。     

Deposition thickness based high-throughput nano-imprint template

International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2003 projected nano-imprint lithography has the potential of high throughput, sub-20 nm resolution, and low cost [S.Y. Chou, P.R. Krauss, P.J. Renstrom, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67 (1995) 3144; Science 272 (1996) 85, J.A. Rogers, C. Mirkin, Mater. Res. Bull. 26 (2001)]. For nano-imprint lithography, a template with 1X resolution is required. The existing industrial infrastructure for supporting deep ultra violet 4X photo masks by e-beam and/or a laser beam scanning writer does not offer pitch (center-to-center distance of an array of patterned lines) less than ∼60 nm [<http://public.itrs.net/2003ITRS>]. For nano-imprint lithography to be accepted across the industry, a reproducible simple fabrication process to make a high resolution, single emboss template is essential [L. Jay Guo, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37 (2004) R123-R141]. Here we show, a general fabrication method and fabricated nano-imprint templates with sub-15 nm template line width and 10 nm pitch length through out the entire 200 mm wafer, varying the deposition thickness of multiple alternate films, using atomic layer deposition. Although multilayer nano-imprint templates and their exciting use have been demonstrated, [W.J. Dauksher et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 22 (2004) 3306, B. Heidari, et al., The 49th international conference on electron, ion and photon beam technology and nanofabrication, Orlando, Florida, 2005, William M. Tong, et al., Proc. SPIE 5751 (2005) 46-55, N.A. Melosh, A. Boukai, F. Diana, B. Gerardot, A. Badolato, P.M. Petroff, J.R. Heath, Science 300 (2003) 112] such a small pitch was not shown and either complex lattice mismatch-based epitaxially grown films or unconventional etch chemistry was used. The bare necessity was a simple and economical fabrication process for a high throughput nano-imprint template. In that context, we have developed a template fabrication process using classical micro-fabrication techniques. Successful use of these techniques made the template fabrication process simple, economical, and expedient. Also a novel technique to provide flexible and accurate alignment for nanowire patterning has been described. In this technique, nanowire patterning is accomplished on the entire wafer with a single impression. Industry level batch-fabrication of our scheme illustrates its reproducibility and manufacturability. We anticipate, this simple, economical and time saving technique will help researchers and developers to perform their experiment on nano-scale feature patterned substrates easily and conveniently.     

ANALYSIS OF INTERNALLY GENERATED NOISE OF BIOELECTRIC AMPLIFIERS

This papenr deals with internally generated noise of bioelectric amplifiers that are usually used for processing of bioelectric events.The main purpose of this paper is to present a procedure for analysis of the effects of internal noise generated by the active circuits and to evaluate the output noise of the author‘s new designed bioelectric amplifier that caused by internal effects to the amplifier circuit itself in order to compare it with the noise generated by conventional amplifiers.The obtained analysis results of internally generated noise showed that the total output noise of bioelectric active circuits does not increase when some of their resitors have a larger value.This behavior is caused by the different transfer functions for the signal and the respective noise sources associated with these resistors.Moreover,the new designed bioelectric amplifier haws an output noise less than that for conventional amplifiers.The obtained analysis results were also experimentally verified and the final conclusions were drawn.     

碳纳米管电极上的电化学行为分析

用化学方法对碳纳米管进行表面处理 ,用红外谱对处理后的碳纳米管进行表征 ,处理后的碳纳米管表面出现了活性功能团羧基。用这些碳纳米管制成电极 ,对Cd离子在硫酸钠中的电化学行为进行了分析。结果表明 ,从碳纳米管电极上可以观察到很好的、准可逆循环伏安图 ;在扫描速度为 10 0mV·s- 1时 ,氧化还原峰电位分别出现在 - 0 .6 5V和 - 0 .95V对照饱和甘汞电极(SCE)。峰电流与扫描速度的平方根成良好的线性关系 ,说明反应过程是由镉离子的扩散控制的。由循环伏安图相关的电位与扫描速度关系 ,我们导出了电子转移动力学速度参数。由于碳纳米管电极有很好的电化学活性和可重复性 ,它可以成为一种新型的分析电极材料     

Highly Efficient,Solution‐Processed,Single‐Layer,Electrophosphorescent Diodes and the Effect of Molecular Dipole Moment

A new family of highly soluble electrophosphorescent dopants based on a series of tris‐cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (1–4) of 2‐(carbazol‐3‐yl)‐4/5‐R‐pyridine ligands with varying molecular dipole strengths have been synthesized. Highly efficient, solution‐processed, single‐layer, electrophosphorescent diodes utilizing these complexes have been prepared and characterized. The high triplet energy poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) PVK is used as a host polymer doped with 2‐(4‐biphenylyl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butyl‐phenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD) for electron transport. Devices with a current efficiency of 40 cd A^?1 corresponding to an EQE of 12% can thus be achieved. The effect of the type and position of the substituent (electron‐withdrawing group (CF₃) and electron‐donating group (OMe)) on the molecular dipole moment of the complexes has been investigated. A correlation between the absorption strength of the singlet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (¹MLCT) transition and the luminance spectral red shift as a function of solvent polarity is observed. The strength of the transition dipole moments for complexes 1–4 has also been obtained from TD‐DFT computations, and is found to be consistent with the observed molecular dipole moments of these complexes. The relatively long lifetime of the excitons of the phosphorescence (microseconds) compared to the charge‐carrier scattering time (less than nanoseconds), allows the transition dipole moment to be considered as a “quasi permanent dipole”. Therefore, the carrier mobility is sufficiently affected by the long‐lived transition dipole moments of the phosphorescent molecules, which are randomly oriented in the medium. The dopant dipoles cause positional and energetic disorder because of the locally modified polarization energy. Furthermore, the electron‐withdrawing group CF₃ induces strong carrier dispersion that enhances the electron mobility. Therefore, the strong transition dipole moment in complexes 3 and 4 perturbs both electron and hole mobilities, yielding a reduction in exciton formation and an increase in the device dark current, thereby decreasing the device efficiency.     

Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Perovskite Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 films deposited by sputtering on Si substrate

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films were deposited by radio-frequency (r.f.) magnetron sputtering with stoichiometric single oxide target on silicon substrates. The influence of the growth conditions (with or without substrate heating) and the post-annealing treatments (conventional or rapid thermal annealing) on the film properties in terms of structure and microstructure was systematically evaluated. The electrical properties such as the dielectric constant, the loss factor, the leakage current and the ferroelectric properties have been characterized.     

Capacity of practical wireless multihop broadcast networks

In a wireless multihop broadcasting scenario, a number of relay nodes may cooperate the source node in order to improve the capacity of the network. However, the imposition of total energy and maximum hop constraints to this system in a practical setting. In this paper, we study an ad-hoc network with infinitely many nodes and analytically find the number and positions of rebroadcasting relay nodes to achieve the optimal broadcast capacity. The interference due to multiple transmissions in the same geographical area is taken into account. According to the results of this theoretical model, we propose two heuristics, one distributed and one centralized, as suboptimal but practical solutions to the relay selection problem in wireless multihop broadcasting. We discuss the broadcast capacity performances and CSI (channel state information) requirements of these algorithms. The results illustrate that the benefits of peer-assisted broadcasting are more pronounced in the centralized relay selection algorithm when compared to the fully randomized and distributed selection under a realistic system model.     

Collision avoidance slot allocation scheme for multi-cluster wireless sensor networks

This paper introduces a collision avoidance slot allocation scheme for Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based Medium Access Control (MAC) in multi-cluster wireless sensor networks. TDMA MAC protocols have built-in active-sleep duty cycle that can be leveraged for limiting idle listening. Also, they can overcome the overhearing problem, thus have better energy efficiency. Enabling concurrent intra-cluster communications using a single radio channel is a key issue in TDMA MAC protocols. Using orthogonal frequency channels or different Code Division Multiple Access codes for different adjacent clusters can solve the problem at the expense of cost. In this paper, we propose a new distributed slot allocation protocol called  Coordinated   Time   Slot   Allocation (CTSA) that can reduce collisions significantly using a single radio channel. We use simulations to study the effects of different system parameters on the performance of our proposed protocol. Simulation results show that applying CTSA over clustering protocols can significantly reduce collisions. It also shows fast convergence for our proposed CTSA protocol. In this paper we apply our CTSA scheme to the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol which forms the basis for many cluster based routing protocols. CTSA is also compared with the SRSA algorithm proposed by Wu and Biswas (Wirel Netw 13(5):691–703, 2007) by means of simulation.