Synergistic effect of hydrogen induction with biofuel obtained from winery waste (grapeseed oil) for CI engine application

The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the use of grapeseed oil as a fuel substitute obtained from biomass waste from winery industry and the synergic effect of hydrogen addition for compression ignition engine application. The experiments were carried out in a single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine for various loads and energy share of hydrogen. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of grapeseed biodiesel, neat grapeseed oil and diesel have been analysed and compared with the results obtained with hydrogen induction in the intake manifold in dual fuel mode. At full load, maximum brake thermal efficiency of the engine with diesel, grapeseed biodiesel and neat grapeseed oil has increased from 32.34%, 30.28% and 25.94% to 36.04%, 33.97% and 30.95% for a maximum hydrogen energy share of 14.46%, 14.1% and 12.8% respectively. Although there is an increasing trend in Nitric Oxide emission with hydrogen induction, smoke, brake specific hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide emissions respectively, reduces. Nitric oxide emission of Grapeseed biodiesel with maximum hydrogen share at full load is higher by 43.61% and smoke emission lower by 19.73% compared to biodiesel operation without hydrogen induction.     

Large-scale preparation of perchlorates directly from sodium chloride

Based on the optimum conditions arrived at in the laboratory experiments, large-scale trials have been carried out for the preparation of sodium perchlorate by the direct oxidation of sodium chloride in a single step using a graphite substrate lead dioxide anode.Two cells of 75 A capacity and one 400 A cell were run continuously at an anode current density of 20 A/dm² and a temperature of 45°–50°C. The cell performance with these anodes is given.Potassium and ammonium perchlorates formed by double decomposing the sodium perchlorate obtained by this method with the respective chlorides are pure and conform to the stringent specifications.Presented at the Eleventh Seminar on Electrochemistry held at Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-3 in November 1970.     

Virtual CIM and Digital Manufacturing

1 Introduction Manufacturing industries have evolved tremendously fromcottage industries in the early sixteenth centuryto a globallyfocused entitytoday.The characteristics of the present world market are diverse and complex as de-pictedin Figure 1 .The present market is alive with higher competition,shorter product life cycles , need forsmaller batch sizes to satisfy variety of customer profiles ,availability of sophisticatedtools tothe customers ,re-quirement of diverse range of products ,inc…     

Effects of annealing on the properties of SnSe films

Tin selenide thin films were deposited potentiostatically from an unstirred aqueous solution containing Sn-EDTA and Na₂SeO₃ onto indium-doped tin oxide glass substrates. The difference in the structural and compositional properties of the film before and after heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere were studied. The as-grown and treated films were characterised using various techniques such as X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Photoactivity of the samples was studied using linear sweep voltammetry. An annealing temperature of 150°C was found to be the optimum temperature.     

CIM—still the solution for manufacturing industry

In today's economic environment, enterprises that solely rely on traditional technologies cannot meet dynamic customer demands. Hence, proactive enterprises seek the application of intelligent and integrated manufacturing systems in order to meet the customer's demands and be the winners in the competitive market. Although, with available technologies and systems in Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) and its related technologies, the application of CIM in manufacturing enterprises is a reality and can meet the need of the enterprises; today mangers in many enterprises are confused with varying technologies and new terminologies that prevail in the public domain. To make adoption and implementation issues complicated, there are many researchers pursing similar concepts but in different names to solve part of the issues that are or can be addressed by a CIM system. Therefore, this paper summarises the evolution of manufacturing technologies that are associated with developments towards a CIM system, and reviewed some of the new terminologies and technologies, which were proposed during the last four decades. This review is aimed at overcoming the confusion with the new terminologies that have been generated in the past four decades. Further, this paper articulates that all these new proposals are in deed the sub-system or sub-solutions of CIM. Finally, this article focuses on latest research developments in CIM and provides a stepwise justification methodology towards a CIM system for a small or a medium enterprise.     

Literature review on the creativity of CBR applications

CBR solves new problems by reusing the old solutions in similar context. As an effective problem-solving method, CBR has been widely applied in various areas. However, the question of whether CBR normally generates creative solutions has not been answered properly according to recent research and thus deserves attention. Consequently, an extensive literature review on CBR applications has been provided in this paper. The results of this literature review are expected to emphasise the importance of creativity in CBR.     

Discovery of Anti-tubercular Analogues of Bedaquiline with Modified A-, B- and C-Ring Subunits

To date, the clinical use of the anti-tubercular therapy bedaquiline has been somewhat limited due to safety concerns. Recent investigations determined that modification of the B- and C-ring units of bedaquiline delivered new diarylquinolines (for example TBAJ-587) with potent anti-tubercular activity yet an improved safety profile due to reduced affinity for the hERG channel. Building on our recent discovery that substitution of the quinoline motif (the A-ring subunit) for C5-aryl pyridine groups within bedaquiline analogues led to retention of anti-tubercular activity, we investigated the concurrent modification of A-, B- and C-ring units within bedaquiline variants. This led to the discovery that 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl and 4-chlorophenyl pyridyl analogues of TBAJ-587 retained relatively potent anti-tubercular activity and for the 4-chlorophenyl derivative in particular, a significant reduction in hERG inhibition relative to bedaquiline was achieved, demonstrating that modifications of the A-, B- and C-ring units within the bedaquiline structure is a viable strategy for the design of effective, yet safer (and less lipophilic) anti-tubercular compounds.