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11.
We evaluated the effects of various hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) on the prevention of apoptosis in blasts from 19 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) by assessing DNA ladder formation. After incubation without HGF, apoptosis was noted in all but two patients. HGFs prevented, did not affect, or enhanced apoptosis in 39 (60%), 14 (22%), or 12 (18%) of 65 suspension cultures, respectively. HGFs that prevented apoptosis also stimulated and/or synergized blast colony formation in 35 of 39 corresponding methylcellulose cultures. HGFs that alone stimulated colony formation also prevented apoptosis in all but two of 28 corresponding suspension cultures. In contrast, HGFs that did not prevent apoptosis also failed to stimulate growth in 17 of 26 corresponding methylcellulose cultures. HGFs that enhanced apoptosis alone never stimulated colony formation. After incubation, we noted enhanced c-fos and cjun genes as well as induction of p21 protein. An appropriate dose of HGF elevated c-fos, reduced c-jun and p21, induced G1/S transition, and inhibited apoptosis. In two patients, apoptosis was not induced after incubation. Cells not treated with HGF expressed no c-fos, c-jun, or c-myc, and remained in G0/G1. Taken together, our results support the conclusion that not only c-fos, cjun, and c-myc, but also p53 and p21 are required for blast apoptosis. HGF differentially prevents apoptosis and induces mitosis, and both events seem to be integral to the self-renewal of AML clonogenic cells.  相似文献   
12.
A dc brushless motor is a kind of synchronous motor driven by an inverter and requires sensors to detect the rotor position. As one of the methods, the induced voltages of a brushless motor have been utilized in practice. However, there are some problems in this method, e.g., the motor can obtain insufficient torque due to the low induced voltages in a low-speed range. This paper proposes a new method which controls the inverter angular frequency ω1 by using inherent characteristics wherein the torque current ir is almost proportional to the internal phase angle φ where the primary flux of a synchronous motor is controlled to be constant. If the parameters of a motor are given exactly, the speed regulation is quite small and the transient characteristics with high response and high starting torque are obtained. Furthermore, it is possible to operate a synchronous motor in the field-weakening range. Here, the principle of the control method and the performance characteristics of a dc brushless motor having no position sensors are discussed. The simulation and the experimental results of the tested machine show that the proposed method is very useful for practical applications.  相似文献   
13.
Projected image on a screen is not always vivid enough when it is projected in a bright room. We generally have to choose either vivid image in a dark room or dull image in a bright room. We have suggested a new projection system which can realize high contrast image projection in a bright room. It is consisted of electronic paper screen, projector, and light‐emitting diode room light. The electronic paper (e‐Paper) screen alternates its whole surface white/black with 120 Hz. Room lights are controlled with the same frequency of 120 Hz with the opposite phase as that of the e‐Paper screen. We have confirmed that our new system has achieved higher contrast than the conventional projection system and also enough readability of paper documents in the room simultaneously. We have thus confirmed that our new system can bring an ideal condition, for audience, which can realize a vivid image projection in a bright room.  相似文献   
14.
Aging is a phenomenon underlined by complex molecular and biochemical changes that occur over time. One of the metabolites that is gaining strong research interest is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, whose cellular level has been shown to decrease with age in various tissues of model animals and humans. Administration of NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), to supplement NAD+ production through the NAD+ salvage pathway has been demonstrated to slow down aging processes in mice. Therefore, NAD+ is a critical metabolite now understood to mitigate age-related tissue function decline and prevent age-related diseases in aging animals. In human clinical trials, administration of NAD+ precursors to the elderly is being used to address systemic age-associated physiological decline. Among NAD+ biosynthesis pathways in mammals, the NAD+ salvage pathway is the dominant pathway in most of tissues, and NAMPT is the rate limiting enzyme of this pathway. However, only a few activators of NAMPT, which are supposed to increase NAD+, have been developed so far. In this review, we will focus on the importance of NAD+ and the possible application of an activator of NAMPT to promote successive aging.  相似文献   
15.
We report fast computation of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) using Xeon Phi coprocessors, which have massively x86-based processors on one chip, recently released by Intel. CGHs can generate arbitrary light wavefronts, and therefore, are promising technology for many applications: for example, three-dimensional displays, diffractive optical elements, and the generation of arbitrary beams. CGHs incur enormous computational cost. In this paper, we describe the implementations of several CGH generating algorithms on the Xeon Phi, and the comparisons in terms of the performance and the ease of programming between the Xeon Phi, a CPU and graphics processing unit (GPU).  相似文献   
16.
The interface area between the bubble and emulsion phases in a fluidized catalyst bed is one of the important parameters used to analyze and design the fluidized bed reactor. We used a fast‐scanning X‐ray CT system to observe the bubble shape and structure. We then obtained the transient 2‐dimensional cross sectional gas‐phase distribution in a fluidized catalyst bed. Using image‐processing techniques, pseudo 3‐dimensional images of the bubbles were reconstructed. The bubble structure was studied based on the 3‐dimensional images and the previously obtained results in a 2‐dimensional fluidized bed. It was found that the bubble shape was not spherical but complicated, and that the bubbles ascending in a fluidized catalyst bed consisted of some smaller bubbles.  相似文献   
17.
The effect of annealing on tan δ and microstructures of aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics were explored. Yttria was added as a sintering additive to AlN powders, and the powders were pressureless-sintered at 1900°C for 2 h in a nitrogen flow atmosphere. In succession to sintering, AlN samples were annealed at 720, 970 and 1210°C for 2 and 4 h. Very low tan δ values between 2.6 and 6.0 × 10−4 at 28 GHz were obtained when the AlN samples were annealed for 4 h at all the annealing temperatures.  相似文献   
18.
The fracture energies of the tape-cast silicon nitride with and without 3 wt% rod-like β-Si3N4 seed addition were investigated by a chevron-notched-beam technique. The material was doped with Lu2O3–SiO2 as sintering additives for giving rigid grain boundaries and good heat resistance. The seeded and tape-cast silicon nitride has anisotropic microstructure, where the fibrous grains grown from seeds were preferentially aligned parallel to the casting direction. When a stress was applied parallel to the fibrous grain alignment direction, the strength measured at 1500°C was 738 MPa, which was almost the same as room temperature strength 739 MPa. The fracture energy of the tape-cast Si3N4 without seed addition was 109 and 454 J/m2 at room temperature and 1500°C, respectively. On the contrary, the fracture energy of the seeded and tape-cast Si3N4 was 301 and 781 J/m2 at room temperature and 1500°C, respectively, when a stress was applied parallel to the fibrous gain alignment. The large fracture energies were attributable primarily to the unidirectional alignment fibrous Si3N4 grains.  相似文献   
19.
NO x reduction with a combination of catalysts, Pd catalyst, NO x storage reduction (NSR) catalyst and Cu/ZSM-5 in turn, was investigated to elucidate for the high NO x reduction activity of this catalyst combination under oxidative atmosphere with periodic deep rich operation. The catalytic activity was evaluated using the simulated exhaust gases with periodically fluctuation between oxidative and reductive atmospheres, and it was found that the NO x reduction activity with this catalyst combination was apparently higher than that of the solely accumulation of these individual activities, which was caused by the additional synergic effect by this combination. The Pd catalyst upstream of the NSR catalyst improved NO x storage ability by NO2 formation under oxidative atmosphere. The stored NO x was reduced to NH3 on the NSR catalyst, and the generated NH3 was adsorbed on Cu/ZSM-5 downstream of the NSR catalyst under the reductive atmosphere, and subsequently reacted with NO x on the Cu/ZSM-5 under the oxidative atmosphere.  相似文献   
20.
Carbon substrates were coated completely with a molten silicate glass, where the wettability of carbon to glass was improved by infiltration and pyrolysis of perhydropolysilazane. Microstructures of the carbon–glass interface were dependent on P n 2 during coating. Coating at lower P n 2 induced the formation of cristobalite at the carbon–glass interface. When the coating was performed at higher P n 2, the glass and carbon were strongly adhered, without the formation of cristobalite. Coating at higher P n 2 improved the thermal shock resistance of the glass layer, because crack initiation was not induced by the phase transformation of cristobalite during the cooling process. In the case of coating at higher P n 2, an oxynitride glass layer was formed at the glass subsurface by dissolution of N2. A porous glass subsurface layer with uniform spherical micro-pores could be produced by soaking near the glass transition temperature in a steam environment. The porous layer with fine and homogeneous microstructure acts as a thermal shock absorbing layer, so that glass-coated carbon with a porous glass layer has excellent thermal shock resistance in addition to steam oxidation resistance.  相似文献   
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