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81.
This paper presents the development of modeling, simulation and analysis of a solar pond floor heating system. The developed computer simulation has been used to study the potential of using such a system under climatic conditions in Jordan. It was found that the solar pond heating system could meet most of the winter season in Jordan with Solar fraction in the range 80–100% for at least 2 months of the season. It must be emphasized that the feasibility of such a system is its utilization in district heating and not for individual households due to the limiting economical factors of high capital cost of the solar pond for small domestic applications. 相似文献
82.
This paper is providing a design and evaluation methodology for biomass utilization networks (B-NETs) planning in local areas. The methodology is an effort to integrate various exertions of many researchers as well as stakeholders in the biomass field including process technologies, local area classification and renewable energy mechanisms to design and evaluate B-NETs. The proposed design methodology has three steps: classification, problem formulation and suggesting solution methods. The core part of planning the B-NETs utilization methodology is the superstructure that is a super class model for the processes of biomass utilization networks that has to be built for the local area. The biomass utilization superstructure (BUSS) relates the biomass resources to their products, available processes, and possible future processes of utilization in static manner. Although the local area BUSS is static in nature, it shows the decision makers what kinds of B-NETs are, or can be, available in their area. It is important to note that for each super class process there exists a number of elemental technologies, or what we call unit process (UP), that can perform the job under the same condition with different processing constraint. To support the design and operation process a technological information infrastructure (TII) needs to be built to work as an information pool and simulation tool. With the support of TII and the BUSS different scenarios can be synthesized, analyzed and compared. Scenarios development enables the designer to check processing alternatives as well as biomass promotion mechanisms that fit the concerns of various stakeholders. The results of the methodology application can be given in the form of suggestions of a specific network class(es) or scenarios that can be applied in a class of localities with the same characteristics. Following to methodology configuration, a proposal for optimization methods is discussed and a case study for comparing biomass network scenarios in mountainous city is introduced. 相似文献
83.
The temperature dependence of the absorbances of IR-absorption bands corresponding to the fundamental, overtones and combination frequences of diphenylcarbinol in the pure liquid phase is presented. The range of temperature taken in this investigation is between 68 and 298°C. Many difficulties have been met with in trying to find a relation connecting the symmetry of the vibrations and the temperature effect on their absorbances. As shown, in the text, the change in the absorbances of the bands and the temperature variation is linear even for the broad bands. 相似文献
84.
85.
The two-dimensional numerical simulation of energy transport for MOSFETs ispresented,in which the effect of generation,recombination and temperature gradient of carrierson the characteristics of devices are considered.An improved mobility model is also proposed.The numerical results of micron and submicron MOSFETs show that the present model fitsexperiment very well. 相似文献
86.
Microscopic image analysis for quantitative measurement and featureidentification of normal and cancerous colonic mucosa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nasser Esgiar A. Naguib R.N.G. Sharif B.S. Bennett M.K. Murray A. 《IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine》1998,2(3):197-203
The development of an automated algorithm for the categorization of normal and cancerous colon mucosa is reported. Six features based on texture analysis were studied. They were derived using the co-occurrence matrix and were angular second moment, entropy, contrast, inverse difference moment, dissimilarity, and correlation. Optical density was also studied. Forty-four normal images and 58 cancerous images from sections of the colon were analyzed. These two groups were split equally into two subgroups: one set was used for supervised training and the other to test the classification algorithm. A stepwise selection procedure showed that correlation and entropy were the features that discriminated most strongly between normal and cancerous tissue (P<0.0001). A parametric linear-discriminate function was used to determine the classification rule. For the training set, a sensitivity and specificity of 93.1% and 81.8%, respectively, were achieved, with an overall accuracy of 88.2%. These results mere confirmed with the test set, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.1% and 86.4%, respectively, and an overall accuracy of 90.2% 相似文献
87.
SiC、GaAs和Si的高温特性比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用杂质半导体电导率的本征化和pn结热击穿方法研究了SiC、GaAs和Si材料的高温特性。理论计算表明Si、Ge、GaAs、3C-SiC和6H-SiC器件的最高工作温度分别为450、175、650、1500和2100℃。在室温至400℃以内,硅和砷化镓器件由于工艺成熟、性能稳定而成为主流,SiC材料的器件在大于500℃的特高温区和高温大功率方面则有巨大的优势。 相似文献
88.
The protective effect of experimental immunization was studied in guinea pigs exposed to vectorial infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Immunized animals received an inoculum of live-attenuated T. cruzi epimastigotes into a granuloma previously induced by Freund's complete adjuvant in the hind footpad. Seven days later, a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction was triggered by reinjection of the parasites in the front footpad. The animals were then placed in Triatoma infestans-colonized corrals and exposed to vectorial T. cruzi transmission of the parasite for up to 200 days. The effectiveness of this immunizing protocol was controlled in terms of the number of bites necessary for infection (NBNI) in immunized as compared with control animals. Periodic entomological census allowed for the determination of vector biting and infection rates and the calculation of NBNI. Although this measurement was quite variable between yards, an overall average of 4,973 bites was enough to infect a control guinea pig in 4 separate experiments. The corresponding figure for the experimental group was 21,307 bites, implying that immunized animals could resist a 4.28-fold increase (range: 1.99-8.32) in the number of vector bites before becoming infected. 相似文献
89.
90.
Nasser A M Barakat Mohamed El-Newehy Salem S Al-Deyab Hak Yong Kim 《Nanoscale research letters》2014,9(1):2
In this study, Co/Cu-decorated carbon nanofibers are introduced as novel electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. The introduced nanofibers have been prepared based on graphitization of poly(vinyl alcohol) which has high carbon content compared to many polymer precursors for carbon nanofiber synthesis. Typically, calcination in argon atmosphere of electrospun nanofibers composed of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, copper acetate monohydrate, and poly(vinyl alcohol) leads to form carbon nanofibers decorated by CoCu nanoparticles. The graphitization of the poly(vinyl alcohol) has been enhanced due to presence of cobalt which acts as effective catalyst. The physicochemical characterization affirmed that the metallic nanoparticles are sheathed by thin crystalline graphite layer. Investigation of the electrocatalytic activity of the introduced nanofibers toward methanol oxidation indicates good performance, as the corresponding onset potential was small compared to many reported materials; 310 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl electrode) and a current density of 12 mA/cm2 was obtained. Moreover, due to the graphite shield, good stability was observed. Overall, the introduced study opens new avenue for cheap and stable transition metals-based nanostructures as non-precious catalysts for fuel cell applications. 相似文献