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71.
72.
Martin E. Valdez H. Shibata Alan W. Cramb 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2006,37(6):959-965
The objective of this study is to determine the conditions under which the inclusions present in liquid steel can act as heterogeneous
nucleants for solidification. In order to study the factors that define the undercooling of a given metal/oxide couple, the
undercooling of a pure iron sessile droplet in contact with Al2O3, ZrO2, and MgO substrates was measured under controlled oxygen partial pressures by observing droplet recalescence. The results
showed that the undercooling of iron, in contact with a particular substrate, did not have a unique value, but was significantly
affected by the oxygen content on the gas phase. For oxygen partial pressures between 10−21 and 10−19, the undercooling of iron on ZrO2 substrates was stable and around 290 °C. In the same range of oxygen partial pressure, the undercooling of iron on MgO substrates
remained below 100 °C due to the low stability of this oxide. At lower oxygen contents, substrate decomposition might be the
cause for the observed drop in the undercooling of iron on ZrO2 substrates to below 100 °C. The undercooling also decreased for increasing oxygen content as verified when the gas was changed
from gettered Ar/Ar-H2 to CO/CO2 mixtures. The variation in undercooling was related to the wetting of the substrate by the liquid metal, where the deep undercooling
observed in the ZrO2 experiments occurred when the highest contact angle between the liquid metal and the substrate was achieved. 相似文献
73.
Xiaoming Zhou Martin Jacobsson Henk Uijterwaal Piet Van Mieghem 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2008,21(6):643-663
Although packet delay and loss are two important parameters of the Internet performance, to the best of our knowledge, the evolution of large‐scale IPv6 delay and loss performance has previously not been studied. In this paper, we analyze more than 600 end‐to‐end IPv6 paths between about 26 testboxes of RIPE Network Coordination Centre over two years, and compare the delay and loss performance over time with their IPv4 counterparts. We present and discuss the measurement methodologies and show that IPv6 paths have a higher delay and loss than their IPv4 counterparts. The main reason for the worse performance stems from IPv6‐in‐IPv4 tunnels rather than from native IPv6 paths and such tunnels are still widely used today. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
74.
Maisto Stephen A.; Chung Tammy A.; Cornelius Jack R.; Martin Christopher S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,17(2):98
This study investigated the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES: W. R. Miller & J. S. Tonigan, 1996) in adolescents presenting for treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The participants were 80 males and 43 females (mean age=16.8 years) who presented for AUD treatment (95.1% outpatient, 4.9% inpatient). Participants completed assessments at baseline and 1 year and provided information on alcohol use and related variables monthly between these 2 assessments. Principal-components and confirmatory factor analyses of the baseline SOCRATES identified 2 factors, Taking Steps and Recognition, which showed good internal consistency and concurrent and predictive evidence of validity. The results were interpreted as supporting the use of the SOCRATES with clinical samples of adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
75.
Martin Meyer 《Scientometrics》2007,70(3):779-810
This contribution formulates a number of propositions about the emergence of novel nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N). Seeking
to complement recent work that aims to define a research agenda and draws on general insights from the innovation literature,
this paper aims to synthesize knowledge from innovation-related studies of the N&N field. More specifically, it is suggested
that N&N is often misconstrued as either a field of technology or an area of (broadly) converging technologies while evidence
to date suggests rather that N&N be considered a set of inter-related and overlapping about not necessarily merging technologies.
The role of instrumentation in connecting the various N&N fields is underlined. Finally, the question is raised whether change
in N&N tends to be incremental rather than discontinuous, being the result of technological path-dependencies and lock-ins
in industry-typical search regimes that are only slowly giving way to more boundary-crossing activities. 相似文献
76.
Karin Bucher Jens Mende Michael Mehring Martin Jansen 《Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures》2007,15(1):29-42
A new Eu-endohedral fullerene cage, namely, Eu@C72, was synthesized, separated, and a single isomer, Eu@C72-I, has been isolated by multi-step HPLC for the first time and characterized by LDI-TOF mass spectrometry, UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopy. Additionally, a second isomer, Eu@C72-II, has been separated by HPLC and identified by LDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 相似文献
77.
The deformation characteristics of artificially cemented calcareous soil subjected to undrained cyclic triaxial loading are investigated at different confining pressure and cyclic stress levels. The influence of cementation on the shear stiffness is investigated by comparing the behavior of cemented and uncemented soils with similar initial conditions. It is observed that the deviator stress and the deviatoric strain at yield reduced with increasing number of cycles for cemented sand due to progressive degradation of bond, which results in significant decrease in stiffness. On the other hand, a strain-hardening effect is observed in uncemented sand and this results in increasing yield stress and strain with progressive number of cycles. A linear relationship between degradation index and number of cycles is observed for cemented sand. This relationship has been synthesized in the form of an empirical equation by modifying a previously proposed equation for cohesive soils. This empirical equation was further used to evaluate the fatigue life of soils by adopting a failure criterion. 相似文献
78.
G. G. Martin 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2004,4(1):37-39
Piston failures are not a common occurrence, but they do occur, and failure is usually associated with fatigue crack growth.
Most failures initiate at the gudgeon pin hole or in the skirt of the piston. Occasionally they fail elsewhere. In the example
covered in this paper, failure initiated in the crown and progressed down to the gudgeon pin before final failure occurred.
This paper outlines the cause and mode of failure and shows that small metallurgical discontinuities can contribute to these
failures under the right circumstances. 相似文献
79.
Trust for Ubiquitous,Transparent Collaboration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, trust-based recommendations control the exchange of personal information between handheld computers. Combined with explicit risk analysis, this enables unobtrusive information exchange, while limiting access to confidential information. The same model can be applied to a wide range of mobile computing tasks, such as managing personal address books and electronic diaries, to automatically provide an appropriate level of security. Recommendations add structure to the information, by associating categories with data and with each other, with degrees of trust belief and disbelief. Since categories also in turn confer privileges and restrict actions, they are analogous to rôles in a Rôle-Based Access Control system, while principals represent their trust policies in recommendations. Participants first compute their trust in information, by combining their own trust assumptions with others' policies. Recommendations are thus linked together to compute a considered, local trust assessment. Actions are then moderated by a risk assessment, which weighs up costs and benefits, including the cost of the user's time, before deciding whether to allow or forbid the information exchange, or ask for help. By unifying trust assessments and access control, participants can take calculated risks to automatically yet safely share their personal information. 相似文献
80.
The electron drift mobility for unstrained and coherently strained Si1-xGex grown on a <001> silicon substrate is analytically obtained for Ge fractions less than 30%. The method is based on the following two assumptions: the conduction bands of the unstrained alloy are Si-like for Ge fraction less than 30%, and in the case of the coherently strained alloy, strain-induced energy shifts occur in the conduction band valleys. The shifts in energy yield two different mobility values: one corresponding to the growth plane with a value larger than the unstrained mobility, and the other parallel to the growth direction and correspondingly smaller in value. In comparison to silicon, the results show a degradation of both the unstrained mobilities for doping levels up to 1017 cm-3. Beyond this doping level, the strained mobility component parallel to the growth direction becomes slightly larger than the mobility of silicon 相似文献