Assessment of proteolysis in ultra‐high temperature milk using attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

This study investigated the suitability of attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) as an alternative technique to assess proteolysis in ultra‐high temperature (UHT) milk. Commercial UHT milk samples were stored (5 and 30 °C) and analysed for four months. Milk samples were treated with acetic acid and trichloroacetic acid to obtain milk extracts containing peptides. The concentrated extracts were subjected to ATR‐FTIR, and the spectrum was obtained. Results were compared with techniques like high‐performance liquid chromatography, fluorescamine and 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid. The present study indicated that ATR‐FTIR‐based method can be used as an alternative method for assessing proteolysis in UHT milk.     

Structural,Thermal and Luminescence Study of Ceria Nanocrystals Dispersed in Silica Matrix

Silicon - Ceria (CeO2) nanocrystals dispersed in silica were prepared by sol-gel, a very suitable method for large-scale production. The formation of cubic fluorite structure of CeO2 nanocrystals...     

Tuning of structural,optical, and magnetic properties of ultrathin and thin ZnO nanowire arrays for nano device applications

One-dimensional (1-D) ultrathin (15 nm) and thin (100 nm) aligned 1-D (0001) and (0001¯) oriented zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire (NW) arrays were fabricated on copper substrates by one-step electrochemical deposition inside the pores of polycarbonate membranes. The aspect ratio dependence of the compressive stress because of the lattice mismatch between NW array/substrate interface and crystallite size variations is investigated. X-ray diffraction results show that the polycrystalline ZnO NWs have a wurtzite structure with a = 3.24 Å, c = 5.20 Å, and [002] elongation. HRTEM and SAED pattern confirmed the polycrystalline nature of ultrathin ZnO NWs and lattice spacing of 0.58 nm. The crystallite size and compressive stress in as-grown 15- and 100-nm wires are 12.8 nm and 0.2248 GPa and 22.8 nm and 0.1359 GPa, which changed to 16.1 nm and 1.0307 GPa and 47.5 nm and 1.1677 GPa after annealing at 873 K in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), respectively. Micro-Raman spectroscopy showed that the increase in E₂ (high) phonon frequency corresponds to much higher compressive stresses in ultrathin NW arrays. The minimum-maximum magnetization magnitude for the as-grown ultrathin and thin NW arrays are approximately 8.45 × 10⁻³ to 8.10 × 10⁻³ emu/g and approximately 2.22 × 10⁻⁷ to 2.190 × 10⁻⁷ emu/g, respectively. The magnetization in 15-nm NW arrays is about 4 orders of magnitude higher than that in the 100 nm arrays but can be reduced greatly by the UHV annealing. The origin of ultrathin and thin NW array ferromagnetism may be the exchange interactions between localized electron spin moments resulting from oxygen vacancies at the surfaces of ZnO NWs. The n-type conductivity of 15-nm NW array is higher by about a factor of 2 compared to that of the 100-nm ZnO NWs, and both can be greatly enhanced by UHV annealing. The ability to tune the stresses and the structural and relative occupancies of ZnO NWs in a wide range by annealing has important implications for the design of advanced photonic, electronic, and magneto-optic nano devices.     

Mobile FD-CR with High-Speed VTFET CMOS SOI Switch Under Channel Estimation Error

Silicon - In this paper, Silicon-on-Insulator vertical TFET based CMOS high-speed switch is implemented on Full-duplex Cognitive Radio (FD-CR), and the impact of cognitive radio (CR) node mobility...     

Studies on additive-additive interactions: Effects of dispersant and antioxidant additives on the synergistic combination of overbased sulphonate and ZDDP

A strong synergism between overbased sulphonate (OBS) and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) in a proven diesel engine oil formulation has been reported in an earlier communication.¹ In continuation of these studies, the effect of different types of dispersant, of varying nitrogen content, and an antioxidant, on a synergistic combination of OBS-ZDDP has been investigated. Both detergency and dispersancy of the optimised formulation were improved with high nitrogen-content dispersants, which also increased strongly the wear tendencies. The antioxidant, though it improved detergency, did not show any positive effect on antiwear performance. Detailed IR and ³¹p-NMR spectroscopic analyses on interactive additive pairs, namely, ZDDP-PIBS and ZDDP-antioxidant, indicated the formation of association complexes and hydrogen bonding respectively.