石化企业低温热利用

目前石化企业低温热利用存在的主要问题是网络构建不系统、不科学,热源和热阱的选择相当随意且不循"温度对口,梯级利用"的科学用能原则;此外对低温热网络的工艺也未做调优,普遍存在着循环热媒水量大、回水温度低的问题,使得温位较高的热阱无法得到有效利用。本文从低温热网络合成所应遵循的基本原则入手,提出了低温热网络合成的调研(现场数据)、初步合成(热力学原则)、严格合成(流程模拟)和调优(工程实际)的实际步骤以及常见的问题与解决方法,并以一个实例具体解释低温热网络的构造,为石化企业的低温热利用提供一个借鉴。     

基于软件模块排序模型的纠正性软件维护

识别有故障倾向的模块能够将有限的资源最大化地用于软件维护.目的是利用软件模块排序模型预测模块故障倾向程度,从而指导纠正性软件维护.研究软件模块排序模型的评估和使用方法,并提出以贝叶斯信念网络改进排序模型的基本定量模型.     

扫描拉曼埃分辨显微术:一种新的分子化学结构解析方法

针尖增强拉曼光谱(TERS)技术由于其超高的空间分辨与灵敏的化学识别能力,在纳米尺度的结构表征和物理化学性质的分析中发挥着重要作用。本文首先回顾了高分辨TERS技术的近期发展与应用,并对高分辨成像的潜在物理机理进行了简要概述,接着介绍一种由超高分辨TERS成像衍生出来的新的分子化学结构解析方法―扫描拉曼埃分辨显微术(SRP),最后对SRP技术的进一步发展进行了展望。     

碲镉汞环孔p-n结反常特性分析

在HgCdTe 环孔p-n结器件的研制过程中,经常会出现一些反常现象,如负的开路电压和负的光电压等.现对上述现象进行理论分析,并通过大量实验对上述反常现象进行了验证.     

Damp trend Grey Model forecasting method for airline industry

This paper presents a modification of the Grey Model (GM) to forecast routes passenger demand growth in the air transportation industry. Forecast methods like Holt-Winters, autoregressive models, exponential smoothing, neural network, fuzzy logic, GM model calculate very high airlines routes pax growth. For this reason, a modification has been done to the GM model to damp trend calculations as time grows. The simulation results show that the modified GM model reduces the model exponential estimations grow. It allows the GM model to forecast reasonable routes passenger demand for long lead-times forecasts. It makes this model an option to calculate airlines routes pax flow when few data points are available.The United States domestic air transport market data are used to compare the performance of the GM model with the proposed model.     

Designing to Facilitate Browsing: A Look Back at the Hyperties Workstation Browser

Since browsing hypertext can present a formidable cognitive challenge, user interface design plays a major role in determining acceptability. In the Unix workstation version of Hyperties, a research-oriented prototype, we focussed on design features that facilitate browsing. We first give a general overview of Hyperties and its markup language. Customizable documents can be generated by the conditional text feature that enables dynamic and selective display of text and graphics. In addition we present: — an innovative solution to link identification: pop-out graphical buttons of arbitrary shape.

— application of pie menus to permit low cognitive load actions that reduce the distraction of common actions, such as page turning or window selection.

— multiple window selection strategies that reduce clutter and housekeeping effort. We preferred piles-of-tiles, in which standard-sized windows were arranged in a consistent pattern on the display and actions could be done rapidly, allowing users to concentrate on the contents.

     

Expectation versus variation: Students’ decision making in a sampling environment

Abstract:

A task adapted from one used by Tversky and Kahneman (1971) was used in an interview or questionnaire context with 122 students from Grade 3 to Grade 13. Two questions assessed student understanding of the relationship of a sample to a population and of the expected value of the arithmetic mean, with and without information on a single value from the sample. Combining responses to the two questions, increasingly complex hierarchical sequences were identified in the observed responses in relation to the expected value of the means, an expectation variable, and in relation to the degree that ideas about variation were used to support judgements, a variation variable. Using data from another task performed by 68 of the students, responses were associated with the observed development of understanding of sampling more generally, a basic sampling variable. Overall, the associations of levels of response among the variables was not strong, suggesting more explicit discussion of sampling issues is required in classrooms.     

A heuristic to solve the synchronized log-truck scheduling problem

We present a synchronized routing and scheduling problem that arises in the forest industry, as a variation of the log-truck scheduling problem. It combines routing and scheduling of trucks with specific constraints related to the Canadian forestry context. This problem includes aspects such as pick-up and delivery, multiple products, inventory stock, multiple supply points and multiple demand points. We developed a decomposition approach to solve the weekly problem in two phases. In the first phase we use a MIP solver to solve a tactical model that determines the destinations of full truckloads from forest areas to woodmills. In the second phase, we make use of two different methods to route and schedule the daily transportation of logs: the first one consists in using a constraint-based local search approach while the second one is a hybrid approach involving a constraint programming based model and a constraint-based local search model. These approaches have been implemented using COMET2.0. The method, was tested on two industrial cases from forest companies in Canada.     

Error evaluation on experimental stress–strain curve obtained from tube bulging test

To get precise material data for advanced numerical modelling of tube hydroforming process, the tube bulging test is recommended. Stresses and strains in the tube cannot be evaluated easily and several approaches have been proposed. A review is proposed and points out their advantages and drawbacks.     

采用煤矸石为原料合成β-SiAlON晶须及其显微结构研究

以煤矸石和碳黑为主要原料,在1800 K下碳热还原氮化合成了纯度较高、含有大量晶须的β-SiAlON材料.FESEM照片表明β-SiAlON晶须多为细长柱状,直径120～220 nm,长度1.5～5 μm,晶须生长机制由VLS(vapor-liquid-solid)机制和VS(vapor-solid)机制组成.