间歇吸附器内活性炭吸附水中微量三氯甲烷——孔扩散模型和表面扩散模型

<正> 近10多年来,各国对饮水氯化处理中的副作用研究甚多．现已发现氯化饮水中含有不同 性质的有机物约300种“’,其中三卤甲烷含量突出,而活性炭吸附是脱除其中不同性质有机物 的有效方法’‘－‘’．一般情况下,溶质在吸附剂内的扩散过程是整个吸附过程的控制步骤．但目 前文献仅限干研究活性炭吸附三卤甲烷的能力,很少涉及与吸附速率有关的有效扩散系数．     

New catalytic functions of Pd–Zn, Pd–Ga, Pd–In, Pt–Zn, Pt–Ga and Pt–In alloys in the conversions of methanol

Pd and Pt supported on ZnO, Ga₂O₃ and In₂O₃ exhibit high catalytic performance for the steam reforming of methanol, CH₃OH+H₂OCO₂+3HH₂, and the dehydrogenation of methanol to HCOOCH₃, 2CH₃OHHCOOCH₃+2HH₂. Combined results with temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and XRD method revealed that Pd–Zn, Pd–Ga, Pd–In, Pt–Zn, Pt–Ga and Pt–In alloys were produced upon reduction. Over the catalysts having the alloy phase, the reactions proceeded selectively, whereas the catalysts having metallic phase exhibited poor selectivities.     

Optimization of groove dimensions in herringbone-grooved journal bearings for improved repeatable run-out characteristics

Optimization of groove dimensions in herringbone-grooved journal bearings is discussed in this paper with aims to design precision spindles with improved run-out characteristics. An evaluation index to represent the magnitude of the amplitude of repeatable run-out is firstly introduced and the groove design parameters are theoretically discussed to minimize the index value with taking the stable operation condition of the bearing into account. The comprehensive parameter research reveals a guideline for the design of the groove configuration for good run-out characteristics. Experiments with a shaft with grooves designed along the proposed guideline show that the amplitude of repeatable run-out reduces to about half of that of a bearing with currently designed groove configurations, thus confirming validity of the above guideline.     

Real-Time Amplitude and Phase Imaging of Optically Opaque Objects by Combining Full-Field Off-Axis Terahertz Digital Holography with Angular Spectrum Reconstruction

Terahertz digital holography (THz-DH) has the potential to be used for non-destructive inspection of visibly opaque soft materials due to its good immunity to optical scattering and absorption. Although previous research on full-field off-axis THz-DH has usually been performed using Fresnel diffraction reconstruction, its minimum reconstruction distance occasionally prevents a sample from being placed near a THz imager to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in the hologram. In this article, we apply the angular spectrum method (ASM) for wavefront reconstruction in full-filed off-axis THz-DH because ASM is more accurate at short reconstruction distances. We demonstrate real-time phase imaging of a visibly opaque plastic sample with a phase resolution power of λ/49 at a frame rate of 3.5 Hz in addition to real-time amplitude imaging. We also perform digital focusing of the amplitude image for the same object with a depth selectivity of 447 μm. Furthermore, 3D imaging of visibly opaque silicon objects was achieved with a depth precision of 1.7 μm. The demonstrated results indicate the high potential of the proposed method for in-line or in-process non-destructive inspection of soft materials.     

Study of all-optical clock recovery performance by the primary and the secondary temporal Talbot effects in a second-order dispersive medium

We theoretically and experimentally study the all-optical clock recovery performance using the primary or the secondary temporal Talbot effects (PTTE or STTE, respectively) in a dispersive medium having the first-order dispersion together with the second-order dispersion (e.g., conventional single-mode fibers: SMFs). Our preliminary numerical simulations have indicated that the STTE-based all-optical clock recovery technique can improve double its performance as compared with the conventional PTTE-based technique when the second-order dispersion (dispersion slope) can be neglected. The following simulation results have revealed that the second-order dispersion, that the normal SMFs possess, limits the performance improvements in the STTE-based clock recovery, whereas the limited performance can be improved by appropriately compensating for the second-order dispersion. On the basis of our simulation results, experiments of the STTE-based clock recovery were conducted by compensating for the second-order dispersion of SMFs used as dispersive media. To be specific, SMFs’ second-order dispersion has been reduced to the one-sixteenth of its original value by combining with the reverse-dispersion fibers (RDFs) which can provide the second-order dispersion of the opposite sign to the SMFs. As a result, the performance improvements in the STTE-based clock recovery was demonstrated so that the 10-GHz clear optical clock pulses were successfully recovered from 10-Gbit/s return-to-zero (RZ) pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) optical signals.     

Design of Fully Balanced Analog Systems Based on Ordinary and/or Modified Single-Ended Opamps

The system architectures, which allow a high performance fully balanced (FB) system based on ordinary/modified single-ended opamps to be implemented, are investigated and the basic and general requirements are formulated. Two new methods of an FB analog system design, which contribute towards achieving both a high performance IC system implementation and a great reduction of the design time are presented. It is shown that a single-ended system based on any type of opamp (rail-to-rail, constant g _m , etc.), realized in any technology (CMOS, bipolar, BiCMOS, GaAs), can be easily and effectively converted to its FB counterpart in a very practical way. Using the proposed rules, any FB system implementation with opamps (data converter, modulator, filter, etc.) requires only a single-ended system version design and the drawbacks related to a conventional FB system design are avoided. The principles of the design are pointed out and they are verified by experimental results.     

Photoinduced Magnetization with a High Curie Temperature and a Large Coercive Field in a Co‐W Bimetallic Assembly

The crystal structure, magnetic properties, and temperature‐ and photoinduced phase transition of [{Co^II(4‐methylpyridine)(pyrimidine)}₂{Co^II(H₂O)₂}{W^V(CN)₈}₂]·4H₂O are described. In this compound, a temperature‐induced phase transition from the Co^II (S = 3/2)‐NC‐W^V(S = 1/2) [high‐temperature (HT)] phase to the Co^III(S = 0)‐NC‐W^IV(S = 0) [low temperature (LT)] phase is observed due to a charge‐transfer‐induced spin transition. When the LT phase is irradiated with 785 nm light, ferromagnetism with a high Curie temperature (T_C) of 48 K and a gigantic magnetic coercive field (H_c) of 27 000 Oe are observed. These T_C and H_c values are the highest in photoinduced magnetization systems. The LT phase is optically converted to the photoinduced phase, which has a similar valence state as the HT phase due to the optically induced charge‐transfer‐induced spin transition.     

Plasma-tolerant structure for organic light-emitting diodes with aluminum cathodes fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering: Using a Li-doped electron transport layer

We fabricate aluminum cathodes that are almost free from plasma damage by DC magnetron sputtering for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). While sputtering is widely known to have numerous advantages over conventional evaporation for mass production of devices, it can cause serious damage to organic layers. In this report, we fabricate devices that are free from plasma damage by introducing a 1%-Li-doped electron transport layer (ETL). The difference of external electroluminescence quantum efficiency between OLEDs with the structure ITO/α-NPD/ETL/Al (where ITO is indium tin oxide and α-NPD is N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine) with Al cathodes deposited by conventional evaporation or sputtering is 0.1%, and their driving voltage is identical. We find that the Li-doped ETL should be thicker than 40 nm. Analysis of the depth profile of the ETL by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry indicates that considerable damage from sputtering extended to a depth of approximately 30 nm, suggesting that high-energy particles penetrated about 30 nm into the ETL.     

Temporal-Talbot-effect-based preprocessing for pattern-effect reduction in all-optical clock recovery using a semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based fiber ring laser

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the temporal-Talbot-effect (TTE)-based preprocessing for the pattern-effect reduction in the all-optical clock recovery using a semiconductor-optical-amplifier (SOA)-based fiber ring laser (SOA-FRL). The TTE-based preprocessing successfully reduced the pattern effects of the recovered clock pulses, so that the 10-GHz clear optical clock pulses were recovered from a 10-Gbit/s return-to-zero on–off keying (RZ-OOK) pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) optical signal. “Peak variation” and “Pattern-dependent intensity noise (PDIN)” were proposed and were utilized as parameters to quantitatively evaluate the pattern effects, from which recovered clock pulses suffer, in the temporal domain and the frequency domain, respectively. Peak variation was reduced from 77.2% to 36.2%, and PDIN was improved from ?103 dBc/Hz to ?110 dBc/Hz with the aid of the TTE-based preprocessing. Furthermore, we examined the tolerance of the proposed technique by intentionally deviating the input signal’s bit-rate by ±190 Mbit/s (±2% of the bit-rate) from the optimum condition for the TTE. As compared with the PDIN value for the pulse train obtained by the direct injection of the non-processed signal into the SOA-FRL, the PDIN of the recovered clock pulses using the preprocessed signal indicated improvements over the entire measurement range of ±190 Mbit/s, which corresponds to the wavelength-dispersion deviation of ±56 ps/nm (±4% of the wavelength-dispersion applied to the input signal) from the optimum value.     

Laser-induced optical reflection and absorption of GaP

Changes in the optical absorption and reflection coefficients of GaP induced by irradiation with 600 ns laser pulses of the wavelenghts at the direct and indirect band gaps have been measured. It is found that a persistent increase in the absorption coefficient and a permanent decrease in the reflection coefficient, in addition to transient increases in the absorption and reflection coefficients, are induced, by irradiation at the band gap. The persistent component is found to be evolved with a surprisingly long time constant of about 10 ms. This component is ascribed to laser-induced modification of the surface layers or damage formation. The transient component is ascribed to temperature rise on the basis of time-resolved optical absorption measurements. It is found that the persistent changes are induced by irradiation with the indirect band gap photons at a fluence which induces only a little change in the transient reflectivity. The threshold laser fluence to create the surface modification by the indirect band-gap irradiation is found to be only four times that by direct band-gap irradiation. A delayed reflectivity change is found to be induced by irradiation at the indirect band gap and is ascribed to the modification of surface layers by photons at the surface layer, which enhances the absorption coefficient. We interpret these experimental results in terms of non-thermal laser-induced atomic processes.